{
  "name": "French C1 Core Vocab",
  "front_language": "French",
  "back_language": "English",
  "cards": [
    {"front": "le clivage", "back": "the divide / rift (political or social)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 1, "example_front": "Le clivage entre les générations s'est accentué.", "example_back": "The divide between generations has grown sharper."},
    {"front": "la jurisprudence", "back": "case law", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 2, "example_front": "Cette décision fait désormais jurisprudence.", "example_back": "This ruling now sets a legal precedent."},
    {"front": "l'hypothèse", "back": "hypothesis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 3, "example_front": "Les chercheurs ont validé leur hypothèse initiale.", "example_back": "The researchers confirmed their initial hypothesis."},
    {"front": "l'œuvre (littéraire)", "back": "the (literary) work", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 4, "example_front": "Cette œuvre a marqué toute une génération.", "example_back": "This work left its mark on a whole generation."},
    {"front": "le déni", "back": "denial (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 5, "example_front": "Il vit dans le déni depuis des années.", "example_back": "He's been living in denial for years."},
    {"front": "la trésorerie", "back": "cash flow", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 6, "example_front": "La trésorerie de l'entreprise s'est asséchée en un trimestre.", "example_back": "The company's cash flow dried up in one quarter."},
    {"front": "l'éditorialiste", "back": "opinion columnist", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 7, "example_front": "L'éditorialiste a vivement critiqué la réforme.", "example_back": "The columnist sharply criticized the reform."},
    {"front": "l'empreinte carbone", "back": "carbon footprint", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 8, "example_front": "Réduire son empreinte carbone demande des efforts constants.", "example_back": "Reducing your carbon footprint takes constant effort."},
    {"front": "l'algorithme", "back": "algorithm", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 9, "example_front": "L'algorithme détermine ce que chacun voit en premier.", "example_back": "The algorithm determines what each person sees first."},
    {"front": "l'abstraction", "back": "abstraction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 10, "example_front": "Ce concept reste une pure abstraction pour la plupart des gens.", "example_back": "That concept remains pure abstraction for most people."},
    {"front": "peaufiner", "back": "to polish / fine-tune (upgrades \"améliorer\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 11, "example_front": "Elle a passé la nuit à peaufiner son discours.", "example_back": "She spent the night polishing her speech."},
    {"front": "la thèse", "back": "thesis / argument (academic)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 12, "example_front": "Sa thèse remet en question les théories établies.", "example_back": "Her thesis challenges established theories."},

    {"front": "l'électorat", "back": "the electorate", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 13, "example_front": "L'électorat semble de plus en plus volatil.", "example_back": "The electorate seems increasingly volatile."},
    {"front": "le préjudice", "back": "harm / damages (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 14, "example_front": "La victime réclame réparation du préjudice subi.", "example_back": "The victim is seeking compensation for the harm suffered."},
    {"front": "la variable", "back": "variable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 15, "example_front": "Les chercheurs ont isolé une seule variable à la fois.", "example_back": "The researchers isolated one variable at a time."},
    {"front": "le mécène", "back": "patron (of the arts)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 16, "example_front": "Un riche mécène a financé la restauration du théâtre.", "example_back": "A wealthy patron funded the theater's restoration."},
    {"front": "le refoulement", "back": "repression (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 17, "example_front": "Le refoulement de ses émotions a fini par exploser.", "example_back": "The repression of his emotions finally exploded."},
    {"front": "la filiale", "back": "subsidiary (company)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 18, "example_front": "Le groupe a ouvert une filiale en Asie.", "example_back": "The group opened a subsidiary in Asia."},
    {"front": "la ligne éditoriale", "back": "editorial stance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 19, "example_front": "Ce journal a changé de ligne éditoriale l'an dernier.", "example_back": "This newspaper changed its editorial stance last year."},
    {"front": "la biodiversité", "back": "biodiversity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 20, "example_front": "La biodiversité de cette forêt est exceptionnelle.", "example_back": "This forest's biodiversity is exceptional."},
    {"front": "le chiffrement", "back": "encryption", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 21, "example_front": "Le chiffrement protège les données sensibles.", "example_back": "Encryption protects sensitive data."},
    {"front": "la dichotomie", "back": "dichotomy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 22, "example_front": "La dichotomie entre théorie et pratique est frappante.", "example_back": "The dichotomy between theory and practice is striking."},
    {"front": "besogneux / besogneuse", "back": "hardworking / plodding (upgrades \"travailleur\", slightly pejorative)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 23, "example_front": "C'est un élève besogneux mais peu inspiré.", "example_back": "He's a hardworking but uninspired student."},
    {"front": "la thèse de doctorat", "back": "doctoral dissertation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 24, "example_front": "Elle soutient sa thèse de doctorat en juin.", "example_back": "She defends her doctoral dissertation in June."},

    {"front": "la coalition", "back": "coalition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 25, "example_front": "Une coalition fragile gouverne le pays depuis deux ans.", "example_back": "A fragile coalition has governed the country for two years."},
    {"front": "le plaidoyer", "back": "plea / advocacy speech", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 26, "example_front": "L'avocat a livré un plaidoyer poignant.", "example_back": "The lawyer delivered a moving plea."},
    {"front": "la corrélation", "back": "correlation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 27, "example_front": "Il existe une corrélation entre les deux facteurs.", "example_back": "There is a correlation between the two factors."},
    {"front": "l'avant-garde", "back": "the avant-garde", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 28, "example_front": "Ce peintre appartenait à l'avant-garde des années 1920.", "example_back": "This painter belonged to the 1920s avant-garde."},
    {"front": "la résilience", "back": "resilience", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 29, "example_front": "Sa résilience face à l'épreuve a impressionné tout le monde.", "example_back": "His resilience through the ordeal impressed everyone."},
    {"front": "la marge bénéficiaire", "back": "profit margin", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 30, "example_front": "La marge bénéficiaire s'est réduite à cause de l'inflation.", "example_back": "The profit margin shrank because of inflation."},
    {"front": "la désinformation", "back": "disinformation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 31, "example_front": "La désinformation se propage plus vite que les faits vérifiés.", "example_back": "Disinformation spreads faster than verified facts."},
    {"front": "la sécheresse", "back": "drought", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 32, "example_front": "La sécheresse a ravagé les récoltes cet été.", "example_back": "The drought devastated the harvest this summer."},
    {"front": "l'intelligence artificielle", "back": "artificial intelligence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 33, "example_front": "L'intelligence artificielle transforme de nombreux métiers.", "example_back": "Artificial intelligence is transforming many professions."},
    {"front": "le paradoxe", "back": "paradox", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 34, "example_front": "C'est le paradoxe de notre époque : plus connectés, plus seuls.", "example_back": "It's the paradox of our era: more connected, yet lonelier."},
    {"front": "s'échiner à", "back": "to slave away at (upgrades \"travailler dur\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 35, "example_front": "Il s'échine à finir ce rapport avant vendredi.", "example_back": "He's slaving away to finish this report before Friday."},
    {"front": "la soutenance", "back": "thesis defense", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 36, "example_front": "La soutenance s'est déroulée devant un jury de cinq membres.", "example_back": "The defense took place before a five-member panel."},

    {"front": "le scrutin", "back": "the ballot / vote", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 37, "example_front": "Le scrutin s'est joué à quelques milliers de voix.", "example_back": "The vote came down to a few thousand ballots."},
    {"front": "la clause suspensive", "back": "conditional clause (contract)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 38, "example_front": "Le contrat comporte une clause suspensive liée au financement.", "example_back": "The contract has a conditional clause tied to financing."},
    {"front": "l'échantillon", "back": "sample (statistical)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 39, "example_front": "L'échantillon était trop petit pour être représentatif.", "example_back": "The sample was too small to be representative."},
    {"front": "le mécénat", "back": "patronage / sponsorship (of the arts)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 40, "example_front": "Le musée survit grâce au mécénat privé.", "example_back": "The museum survives thanks to private patronage."},
    {"front": "l'introspection", "back": "introspection", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 41, "example_front": "Ce voyage l'a poussée à une longue introspection.", "example_back": "That trip pushed her into a long period of introspection."},
    {"front": "la restructuration", "back": "restructuring", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 42, "example_front": "La restructuration a entraîné plusieurs licenciements.", "example_back": "The restructuring led to several layoffs."},
    {"front": "le tirage", "back": "circulation (of a publication)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 43, "example_front": "Le tirage du journal a chuté de moitié en dix ans.", "example_back": "The paper's circulation dropped by half in ten years."},
    {"front": "la sobriété énergétique", "back": "energy conservation / restraint", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 44, "example_front": "Le gouvernement encourage la sobriété énergétique cet hiver.", "example_back": "The government is encouraging energy conservation this winter."},
    {"front": "l'obsolescence programmée", "back": "planned obsolescence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 45, "example_front": "Beaucoup accusent les fabricants d'obsolescence programmée.", "example_back": "Many accuse manufacturers of planned obsolescence."},
    {"front": "l'ambivalence", "back": "ambivalence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 46, "example_front": "Son ambivalence face à ce choix est compréhensible.", "example_back": "His ambivalence about this choice is understandable."},
    {"front": "dénicher", "back": "to unearth / track down (upgrades \"trouver\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 47, "example_front": "Elle a dénichée un appartement rare dans ce quartier.", "example_back": "She tracked down a rare apartment in that neighborhood."},
    {"front": "la bibliographie", "back": "bibliography", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 48, "example_front": "La bibliographie compte plus de deux cents sources.", "example_back": "The bibliography lists more than two hundred sources."},

    {"front": "le populisme", "back": "populism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 49, "example_front": "Le populisme progresse dans plusieurs démocraties.", "example_back": "Populism is on the rise in several democracies."},
    {"front": "la mise en demeure", "back": "formal notice (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 50, "example_front": "L'entreprise a reçu une mise en demeure de payer.", "example_back": "The company received a formal notice to pay."},
    {"front": "la reproductibilité", "back": "reproducibility (of an experiment)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 51, "example_front": "La reproductibilité des résultats reste un défi majeur.", "example_back": "The reproducibility of the results remains a major challenge."},
    {"front": "l'esthétique", "back": "aesthetic(s)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 52, "example_front": "L'esthétique du film a divisé la critique.", "example_back": "The film's aesthetic divided the critics."},
    {"front": "le mécanisme de défense", "back": "defense mechanism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 53, "example_front": "L'humour est souvent un mécanisme de défense.", "example_back": "Humor is often a defense mechanism."},
    {"front": "l'actionnaire", "back": "shareholder", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 54, "example_front": "Les actionnaires ont approuvé la fusion.", "example_back": "The shareholders approved the merger."},
    {"front": "l'audimat", "back": "TV ratings", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 55, "example_front": "L'émission a fait un excellent audimat hier soir.", "example_back": "The show got excellent ratings last night."},
    {"front": "la surpêche", "back": "overfishing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 56, "example_front": "La surpêche menace plusieurs espèces marines.", "example_back": "Overfishing threatens several marine species."},
    {"front": "la cybersécurité", "back": "cybersecurity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 57, "example_front": "L'entreprise a renforcé sa cybersécurité après l'attaque.", "example_back": "The company strengthened its cybersecurity after the attack."},
    {"front": "l'inéluctable", "back": "the inevitable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 58, "example_front": "Il a fini par accepter l'inéluctable.", "example_back": "He finally accepted the inevitable."},
    {"front": "s'esquiver", "back": "to slip away / dodge (upgrades \"partir discrètement\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 59, "example_front": "Il s'est esquivé avant la fin de la réunion.", "example_back": "He slipped away before the meeting ended."},
    {"front": "la méthodologie", "back": "methodology", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 60, "example_front": "La méthodologie de l'étude a été critiquée.", "example_back": "The study's methodology was criticized."},

    {"front": "la circonscription", "back": "constituency / electoral district", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 61, "example_front": "Le candidat a remporté sa circonscription de justesse.", "example_back": "The candidate narrowly won his constituency."},
    {"front": "la prescription", "back": "statute of limitations", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 62, "example_front": "Les faits sont couverts par la prescription.", "example_back": "The facts are covered by the statute of limitations."},
    {"front": "l'anomalie", "back": "anomaly", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 63, "example_front": "Les astronomes ont détecté une anomalie inexpliquée.", "example_back": "Astronomers detected an unexplained anomaly."},
    {"front": "l'iconographie", "back": "iconography", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 64, "example_front": "L'iconographie religieuse domine ce musée.", "example_back": "Religious iconography dominates this museum."},
    {"front": "le déterminisme", "back": "determinism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 65, "example_front": "Le débat sur le déterminisme social reste vif.", "example_back": "The debate over social determinism is still heated."},
    {"front": "la fusion-acquisition", "back": "merger and acquisition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 66, "example_front": "La fusion-acquisition a créé un géant du secteur.", "example_back": "The merger and acquisition created an industry giant."},
    {"front": "le fact-checking", "back": "fact-checking", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 67, "example_front": "Le fact-checking a révélé plusieurs approximations.", "example_back": "Fact-checking revealed several inaccuracies."},
    {"front": "la déforestation", "back": "deforestation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 68, "example_front": "La déforestation s'accélère dans cette région.", "example_back": "Deforestation is accelerating in this region."},
    {"front": "le réseau neuronal", "back": "neural network", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 69, "example_front": "Le réseau neuronal a été entraîné sur des millions d'images.", "example_back": "The neural network was trained on millions of images."},
    {"front": "l'incertitude", "back": "uncertainty", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 70, "example_front": "L'incertitude économique freine les investissements.", "example_back": "Economic uncertainty is slowing investment."},
    {"front": "chapardeur / chapardeuse", "back": "petty thief (informal register — upgrade context: colloquial but precise word for \"voleur\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 71, "example_front": "Un chapardeur a été surpris au marché.", "example_back": "A petty thief was caught at the market."},
    {"front": "la revue à comité de lecture", "back": "peer-reviewed journal", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 72, "example_front": "L'article a été publié dans une revue à comité de lecture.", "example_back": "The article was published in a peer-reviewed journal."},

    {"front": "le suffrage universel", "back": "universal suffrage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 73, "example_front": "Le suffrage universel a été instauré en 1944 pour les femmes.", "example_back": "Universal suffrage was granted to women in 1944."},
    {"front": "la conformité réglementaire", "back": "regulatory compliance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 74, "example_front": "L'entreprise a investi dans la conformité réglementaire.", "example_back": "The company invested in regulatory compliance."},
    {"front": "le protocole expérimental", "back": "experimental protocol", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 75, "example_front": "Le protocole expérimental a été validé par le comité d'éthique.", "example_back": "The experimental protocol was approved by the ethics committee."},
    {"front": "la scénographie", "back": "stage design / scenography", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 76, "example_front": "La scénographie de l'exposition impressionne les visiteurs.", "example_back": "The exhibition's stage design impresses visitors."},
    {"front": "la projection (psychologique)", "back": "projection (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 77, "example_front": "Ses accusations sont en réalité une projection.", "example_back": "His accusations are really just projection."},
    {"front": "le chiffre d'affaires", "back": "revenue / turnover", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 78, "example_front": "Le chiffre d'affaires a doublé en trois ans.", "example_back": "Revenue doubled in three years."},
    {"front": "la une (d'un journal)", "back": "front page", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 79, "example_front": "L'affaire a fait la une de tous les journaux.", "example_back": "The story made the front page of every newspaper."},
    {"front": "les énergies renouvelables", "back": "renewable energy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 80, "example_front": "Le pays mise tout sur les énergies renouvelables.", "example_back": "The country is betting everything on renewable energy."},
    {"front": "l'interface utilisateur", "back": "user interface", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 81, "example_front": "L'interface utilisateur a été entièrement repensée.", "example_back": "The user interface was completely redesigned."},
    {"front": "l'inéquation", "back": "mismatch / imbalance (abstract)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 82, "example_front": "Il y a une inéquation flagrante entre les attentes et la réalité.", "example_back": "There's a glaring mismatch between expectations and reality."},
    {"front": "cabotiner", "back": "to ham it up / show off (upgrades \"faire l'intéressant\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 83, "example_front": "Il a tendance à cabotiner devant la caméra.", "example_back": "He tends to ham it up in front of the camera."},
    {"front": "le corpus", "back": "corpus (of texts/data)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 84, "example_front": "Le corpus rassemble des centaines de textes du XIXe siècle.", "example_back": "The corpus brings together hundreds of 19th-century texts."},

    {"front": "le lobbying", "back": "lobbying", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 85, "example_front": "Le lobbying de l'industrie a retardé la loi.", "example_back": "Industry lobbying delayed the law."},
    {"front": "l'huissier de justice", "back": "bailiff", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 86, "example_front": "L'huissier de justice a constaté les dégâts.", "example_back": "The bailiff documented the damage."},
    {"front": "la falsifiabilité", "back": "falsifiability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 87, "example_front": "Une théorie scientifique doit répondre au critère de falsifiabilité.", "example_back": "A scientific theory must meet the criterion of falsifiability."},
    {"front": "le mouvement (artistique)", "back": "(artistic) movement", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 88, "example_front": "Le surréalisme est un mouvement né dans les années 1920.", "example_back": "Surrealism is a movement born in the 1920s."},
    {"front": "le biais cognitif", "back": "cognitive bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 89, "example_front": "Le biais de confirmation est le biais cognitif le plus connu.", "example_back": "Confirmation bias is the best-known cognitive bias."},
    {"front": "la trésorerie nette", "back": "net cash position", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 90, "example_front": "La trésorerie nette reste positive malgré la crise.", "example_back": "The net cash position remains positive despite the crisis."},
    {"front": "l'infox", "back": "fake news (official French term)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 91, "example_front": "L'infox s'est répandue en quelques heures sur les réseaux.", "example_back": "The fake news spread within hours on social media."},
    {"front": "la transition énergétique", "back": "energy transition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 92, "example_front": "La transition énergétique exige des investissements massifs.", "example_back": "The energy transition requires massive investment."},
    {"front": "la donnée (informatique)", "back": "data (computing)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 93, "example_front": "L'entreprise collecte une quantité énorme de données.", "example_back": "The company collects an enormous amount of data."},
    {"front": "l'immanence", "back": "immanence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 94, "example_front": "Le philosophe oppose l'immanence à la transcendance.", "example_back": "The philosopher contrasts immanence with transcendence."},
    {"front": "ergoter", "back": "to quibble (upgrades \"discuter pour rien\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 95, "example_front": "Ils ont passé la soirée à ergoter sur des détails.", "example_back": "They spent the evening quibbling over details."},
    {"front": "l'hypothèse nulle", "back": "null hypothesis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 96, "example_front": "L'hypothèse nulle n'a pas pu être rejetée.", "example_back": "The null hypothesis could not be rejected."},

    {"front": "la souveraineté", "back": "sovereignty", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 97, "example_front": "La question de la souveraineté nationale revient sans cesse.", "example_back": "The question of national sovereignty keeps resurfacing."},
    {"front": "le recours en appel", "back": "appeal (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 98, "example_front": "L'avocat a déposé un recours en appel.", "example_back": "The lawyer filed an appeal."},
    {"front": "le biais de sélection", "back": "selection bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 99, "example_front": "Le biais de sélection fausse les conclusions de l'étude.", "example_back": "Selection bias distorts the study's conclusions."},
    {"front": "le mécène culturel", "back": "cultural patron", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 100, "example_front": "La fondation agit comme mécène culturel de la région.", "example_back": "The foundation acts as a cultural patron for the region."},
    {"front": "la dissonance cognitive", "back": "cognitive dissonance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 101, "example_front": "Il ressent une forte dissonance cognitive face à ses propres choix.", "example_back": "He feels strong cognitive dissonance about his own choices."},
    {"front": "l'externalisation", "back": "outsourcing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 102, "example_front": "L'externalisation de la production a réduit les coûts.", "example_back": "Outsourcing production cut costs."},
    {"front": "le droit de réponse", "back": "right of reply", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 103, "example_front": "Le ministre a exercé son droit de réponse.", "example_back": "The minister exercised his right of reply."},
    {"front": "l'empreinte écologique", "back": "ecological footprint", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 104, "example_front": "L'empreinte écologique de ce produit est très élevée.", "example_back": "This product's ecological footprint is very high."},
    {"front": "le nuage (informatique)", "back": "the cloud (computing)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 105, "example_front": "Tous nos fichiers sont sauvegardés dans le nuage.", "example_back": "All our files are backed up in the cloud."},
    {"front": "l'aporie", "back": "aporia / unresolvable contradiction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 106, "example_front": "Le texte se termine sur une véritable aporie philosophique.", "example_back": "The text ends on a genuine philosophical aporia."},
    {"front": "lambiner", "back": "to dawdle (upgrades \"aller lentement\", colloquial precision)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 107, "example_front": "Arrête de lambiner, nous allons être en retard.", "example_back": "Stop dawdling, we're going to be late."},
    {"front": "l'état de l'art", "back": "state of the art / literature review", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 108, "example_front": "Le chapitre dresse l'état de l'art sur la question.", "example_back": "The chapter provides a literature review on the topic."},

    {"front": "le référendum", "back": "referendum", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 109, "example_front": "Le référendum a été rejeté à une courte majorité.", "example_back": "The referendum was rejected by a narrow majority."},
    {"front": "le vice de forme", "back": "procedural flaw", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 110, "example_front": "L'affaire a été annulée pour vice de forme.", "example_back": "The case was dismissed on a procedural flaw."},
    {"front": "l'échantillonnage", "back": "sampling (statistical)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 111, "example_front": "L'échantillonnage aléatoire garantit une meilleure représentativité.", "example_back": "Random sampling ensures better representativeness."},
    {"front": "la restauration (d'une œuvre)", "back": "restoration (of an artwork)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 112, "example_front": "La restauration de la fresque a duré cinq ans.", "example_back": "The fresco's restoration took five years."},
    {"front": "la sublimation", "back": "sublimation (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 113, "example_front": "L'art est souvent une forme de sublimation.", "example_back": "Art is often a form of sublimation."},
    {"front": "le plan social", "back": "layoff plan / redundancy scheme", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 114, "example_front": "Le plan social prévoit deux cents suppressions de postes.", "example_back": "The layoff plan calls for two hundred job cuts."},
    {"front": "le prisme médiatique", "back": "media lens / framing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 115, "example_front": "L'événement a été déformé par le prisme médiatique.", "example_back": "The event was distorted through the media's lens."},
    {"front": "la canicule", "back": "heatwave", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 116, "example_front": "La canicule a battu plusieurs records de température.", "example_back": "The heatwave broke several temperature records."},
    {"front": "la réalité augmentée", "back": "augmented reality", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 117, "example_front": "L'application utilise la réalité augmentée pour guider l'utilisateur.", "example_back": "The app uses augmented reality to guide the user."},
    {"front": "la contingence", "back": "contingency (philosophical)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 118, "example_front": "Le philosophe s'interroge sur la contingence de l'existence.", "example_back": "The philosopher questions the contingency of existence."},
    {"front": "maugréer", "back": "to grumble (upgrades \"se plaindre\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 119, "example_front": "Il a maugréé pendant tout le trajet.", "example_back": "He grumbled the whole way there."},
    {"front": "le plagiat", "back": "plagiarism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 120, "example_front": "Le logiciel anti-plagiat a détecté plusieurs passages copiés.", "example_back": "The anti-plagiarism software detected several copied passages."},

    {"front": "l'abstention", "back": "abstention (voting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 121, "example_front": "L'abstention a atteint un niveau record.", "example_back": "Abstention reached a record level."},
    {"front": "le témoin à charge", "back": "witness for the prosecution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 122, "example_front": "Le témoin à charge a livré un récit détaillé.", "example_back": "The prosecution's witness gave a detailed account."},
    {"front": "la corrélation fallacieuse", "back": "spurious correlation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 123, "example_front": "C'est un exemple classique de corrélation fallacieuse.", "example_back": "It's a classic example of spurious correlation."},
    {"front": "la rétrospective", "back": "retrospective (exhibition)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 124, "example_front": "Le musée organise une rétrospective de son travail.", "example_back": "The museum is holding a retrospective of his work."},
    {"front": "l'estime de soi", "back": "self-esteem", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 125, "example_front": "L'échec a durement affecté son estime de soi.", "example_back": "The failure badly affected his self-esteem."},
    {"front": "la levée de fonds", "back": "fundraising round", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 126, "example_front": "La start-up a bouclé sa levée de fonds en trois mois.", "example_back": "The start-up closed its fundraising round in three months."},
    {"front": "la chambre d'écho", "back": "echo chamber", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 127, "example_front": "Les réseaux sociaux créent une véritable chambre d'écho.", "example_back": "Social media creates a genuine echo chamber."},
    {"front": "la fonte des glaciers", "back": "glacial melt", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 128, "example_front": "La fonte des glaciers s'accélère chaque année.", "example_back": "Glacial melt is accelerating every year."},
    {"front": "l'automatisation", "back": "automation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 129, "example_front": "L'automatisation a supprimé de nombreux emplois industriels.", "example_back": "Automation has eliminated many industrial jobs."},
    {"front": "le truisme", "back": "truism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 130, "example_front": "Dire que le temps passe vite est un truisme.", "example_back": "Saying time flies is a truism."},
    {"front": "s'acoquiner avec", "back": "to team up with / get mixed up with (pejorative, upgrades \"s'associer\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 131, "example_front": "Il s'est acoquiné avec des gens peu recommandables.", "example_back": "He got mixed up with a shady crowd."},
    {"front": "le mémoire (universitaire)", "back": "dissertation / thesis paper", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 132, "example_front": "Son mémoire porte sur la crise migratoire.", "example_back": "Her thesis deals with the migration crisis."},

    {"front": "le mandat (politique)", "back": "term of office", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 133, "example_front": "Le maire entame son deuxième mandat.", "example_back": "The mayor is starting his second term."},
    {"front": "la clause de non-concurrence", "back": "non-compete clause", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 134, "example_front": "Son contrat comporte une clause de non-concurrence.", "example_back": "Her contract includes a non-compete clause."},
    {"front": "l'entropie", "back": "entropy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 135, "example_front": "L'entropie d'un système isolé ne peut qu'augmenter.", "example_back": "The entropy of an isolated system can only increase."},
    {"front": "le mouvement pictural", "back": "pictorial movement", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 136, "example_front": "L'impressionnisme reste le mouvement pictural le plus populaire.", "example_back": "Impressionism remains the most popular pictorial movement."},
    {"front": "la régression (psychologique)", "back": "regression (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 137, "example_front": "Le stress a provoqué une légère régression chez l'enfant.", "example_back": "The stress caused a slight regression in the child."},
    {"front": "l'excédent budgétaire", "back": "budget surplus", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 138, "example_front": "L'entreprise affiche un excédent budgétaire inattendu.", "example_back": "The company posted an unexpected budget surplus."},
    {"front": "la couverture médiatique", "back": "media coverage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 139, "example_front": "La couverture médiatique de l'événement a été massive.", "example_back": "Media coverage of the event was massive."},
    {"front": "la pollution plastique", "back": "plastic pollution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 140, "example_front": "La pollution plastique menace les écosystèmes marins.", "example_back": "Plastic pollution threatens marine ecosystems."},
    {"front": "l'apprentissage automatique", "back": "machine learning", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 141, "example_front": "L'apprentissage automatique améliore la reconnaissance vocale.", "example_back": "Machine learning improves speech recognition."},
    {"front": "la relativité (des valeurs)", "back": "relativity (of values)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 142, "example_front": "Le débat porte sur la relativité des valeurs morales.", "example_back": "The debate concerns the relativity of moral values."},
    {"front": "rechigner à", "back": "to be reluctant to / balk at (upgrades \"ne pas vouloir\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 143, "example_front": "Il rechigne à admettre son erreur.", "example_back": "He's reluctant to admit his mistake."},
    {"front": "l'échantillon représentatif", "back": "representative sample", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 144, "example_front": "L'étude repose sur un échantillon représentatif de la population.", "example_back": "The study relies on a representative sample of the population."},

    {"front": "la polarisation", "back": "polarization", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 145, "example_front": "La polarisation politique s'est nettement accrue.", "example_back": "Political polarization has clearly increased."},
    {"front": "le délit", "back": "misdemeanor / offense", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 146, "example_front": "Il a été condamné pour un délit mineur.", "example_back": "He was convicted of a minor offense."},
    {"front": "l'inférence", "back": "inference", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 147, "example_front": "Le modèle permet une inférence rapide sur de nouvelles données.", "example_back": "The model allows for fast inference on new data."},
    {"front": "la calligraphie", "back": "calligraphy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 148, "example_front": "La calligraphie orne les murs de la mosquée.", "example_back": "Calligraphy adorns the mosque's walls."},
    {"front": "l'aliénation", "back": "alienation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 149, "example_front": "Le roman explore l'aliénation de l'individu moderne.", "example_back": "The novel explores the alienation of the modern individual."},
    {"front": "l'endettement", "back": "indebtedness / debt level", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 150, "example_front": "L'endettement de l'entreprise inquiète les investisseurs.", "example_back": "The company's debt level worries investors."},
    {"front": "le tirage au sort médiatique", "back": "media lottery (figurative - random selection)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 151, "example_front": "Le choix des invités semblait relever du tirage au sort.", "example_back": "The choice of guests seemed almost random."},
    {"front": "l'espèce menacée", "back": "endangered species", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 152, "example_front": "Cette espèce menacée ne compte plus que quelques centaines d'individus.", "example_back": "This endangered species now numbers only a few hundred individuals."},
    {"front": "la donnée biométrique", "back": "biometric data", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 153, "example_front": "L'usage de données biométriques soulève des questions éthiques.", "example_back": "The use of biometric data raises ethical questions."},
    {"front": "la téléologie", "back": "teleology", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 154, "example_front": "La téléologie suppose que tout phénomène a une finalité.", "example_back": "Teleology assumes every phenomenon has a purpose."},
    {"front": "tergiverser", "back": "to procrastinate / vacillate (upgrades \"hésiter\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 155, "example_front": "Cessez de tergiverser et prenez une décision.", "example_back": "Stop vacillating and make a decision."},
    {"front": "la note de bas de page", "back": "footnote", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 156, "example_front": "La référence apparaît en note de bas de page.", "example_back": "The reference appears in a footnote."},

    {"front": "l'apparatchik", "back": "party functionary / apparatchik", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 157, "example_front": "Le poste est allé à un apparatchik du parti.", "example_back": "The post went to a party apparatchik."},
    {"front": "la présomption d'innocence", "back": "presumption of innocence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 158, "example_front": "La présomption d'innocence s'applique jusqu'au verdict.", "example_back": "The presumption of innocence applies until the verdict."},
    {"front": "le placebo", "back": "placebo", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 159, "example_front": "Un groupe a reçu un placebo pendant l'essai clinique.", "example_back": "One group received a placebo during the clinical trial."},
    {"front": "l'intrigue narrative", "back": "narrative plot", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 160, "example_front": "L'intrigue narrative se déploie sur trois générations.", "example_back": "The narrative plot unfolds across three generations."},
    {"front": "l'empathie", "back": "empathy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 161, "example_front": "Son empathie envers les patients est remarquable.", "example_back": "Her empathy toward patients is remarkable."},
    {"front": "l'insolvabilité", "back": "insolvency", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 162, "example_front": "L'entreprise a été déclarée en insolvabilité.", "example_back": "The company was declared insolvent."},
    {"front": "le communiqué de presse", "back": "press release", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 163, "example_front": "Le communiqué de presse a été diffusé ce matin.", "example_back": "The press release was issued this morning."},
    {"front": "l'agriculture durable", "back": "sustainable agriculture", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 164, "example_front": "La coopérative promeut l'agriculture durable dans la région.", "example_back": "The cooperative promotes sustainable agriculture in the region."},
    {"front": "la latence (réseau)", "back": "latency (network)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 165, "example_front": "La latence du réseau rend le jeu injouable.", "example_back": "The network latency makes the game unplayable."},
    {"front": "le solipsisme", "back": "solipsism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 166, "example_front": "Le solipsisme réduit toute réalité à la seule conscience individuelle.", "example_back": "Solipsism reduces all reality to individual consciousness alone."},
    {"front": "ronchonner", "back": "to grouse / gripe (upgrades \"râler\", colloquial precision)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 167, "example_front": "Mon voisin ronchonne dès qu'on fait du bruit.", "example_back": "My neighbor gripes the moment there's any noise."},
    {"front": "le comité de lecture", "back": "editorial/review board", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 168, "example_front": "Le comité de lecture a exigé plusieurs révisions.", "example_back": "The review board demanded several revisions."},

    {"front": "l'ingérence", "back": "interference (political/foreign)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 169, "example_front": "Le pays dénonce l'ingérence étrangère dans ses élections.", "example_back": "The country denounces foreign interference in its elections."},
    {"front": "la faute lourde", "back": "gross misconduct", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 170, "example_front": "Il a été licencié pour faute lourde.", "example_back": "He was dismissed for gross misconduct."},
    {"front": "le biais de confirmation", "back": "confirmation bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 171, "example_front": "Le biais de confirmation fausse notre jugement.", "example_back": "Confirmation bias distorts our judgment."},
    {"front": "la fresque", "back": "fresco / mural", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 172, "example_front": "La fresque recouvre tout le plafond de la chapelle.", "example_back": "The fresco covers the entire chapel ceiling."},
    {"front": "la catharsis", "back": "catharsis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 173, "example_front": "Écrire ce livre a été une véritable catharsis pour l'auteur.", "example_back": "Writing this book was true catharsis for the author."},
    {"front": "l'appel d'offres", "back": "call for tenders", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 174, "example_front": "L'entreprise a remporté l'appel d'offres public.", "example_back": "The company won the public tender."},
    {"front": "le droit à l'oubli", "back": "right to be forgotten", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 175, "example_front": "Il a invoqué le droit à l'oubli pour retirer l'article.", "example_back": "He invoked the right to be forgotten to have the article removed."},
    {"front": "la neutralité carbone", "back": "carbon neutrality", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 176, "example_front": "La ville vise la neutralité carbone d'ici 2040.", "example_back": "The city aims for carbon neutrality by 2040."},
    {"front": "le piratage informatique", "back": "computer hacking", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 177, "example_front": "Le piratage informatique a coûté des millions à l'entreprise.", "example_back": "The hacking cost the company millions."},
    {"front": "le nihilisme", "back": "nihilism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 178, "example_front": "Le personnage sombre peu à peu dans le nihilisme.", "example_back": "The character gradually sinks into nihilism."},
    {"front": "s'enticher de", "back": "to become infatuated with (upgrades \"aimer beaucoup\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 179, "example_front": "Elle s'est entichée de ce vieux quartier dès son arrivée.", "example_back": "She became infatuated with that old neighborhood the moment she arrived."},
    {"front": "la validité externe", "back": "external validity (research)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 180, "example_front": "La validité externe de l'étude reste discutable.", "example_back": "The study's external validity remains questionable."},

    {"front": "le bipartisme", "back": "two-party system", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 181, "example_front": "Le bipartisme s'est peu à peu effrité.", "example_back": "The two-party system has gradually eroded."},
    {"front": "la garde à vue", "back": "police custody", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 182, "example_front": "Le suspect a été placé en garde à vue pendant 48 heures.", "example_back": "The suspect was held in police custody for 48 hours."},
    {"front": "la significativité statistique", "back": "statistical significance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 183, "example_front": "Les résultats n'atteignent pas la significativité statistique.", "example_back": "The results don't reach statistical significance."},
    {"front": "le clair-obscur", "back": "chiaroscuro", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 184, "example_front": "Le peintre maîtrisait parfaitement le clair-obscur.", "example_back": "The painter mastered chiaroscuro perfectly."},
    {"front": "la névrose", "back": "neurosis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 185, "example_front": "Le personnage souffre d'une névrose obsessionnelle.", "example_back": "The character suffers from an obsessive neurosis."},
    {"front": "l'OPA (offre publique d'achat)", "back": "takeover bid", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 186, "example_front": "Le groupe a lancé une OPA hostile.", "example_back": "The group launched a hostile takeover bid."},
    {"front": "l'angle (journalistique)", "back": "angle (journalistic)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 187, "example_front": "Le journaliste a choisi un angle original pour son article.", "example_back": "The journalist chose an original angle for his article."},
    {"front": "l'îlot de chaleur urbain", "back": "urban heat island", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 188, "example_front": "L'îlot de chaleur urbain aggrave les vagues de chaleur en ville.", "example_back": "The urban heat island worsens heatwaves in the city."},
    {"front": "l'interopérabilité", "back": "interoperability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 189, "example_front": "L'interopérabilité entre les systèmes reste limitée.", "example_back": "Interoperability between the systems remains limited."},
    {"front": "l'axiome", "back": "axiom", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 190, "example_front": "Toute la démonstration repose sur un seul axiome.", "example_back": "The whole proof rests on a single axiom."},
    {"front": "vitupérer", "back": "to rail against / vociferate (upgrades \"critiquer fort\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 191, "example_front": "Il vitupère contre la réforme depuis des semaines.", "example_back": "He's been railing against the reform for weeks."},
    {"front": "la question de recherche", "back": "research question", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 192, "example_front": "La question de recherche a été affinée après la revue de littérature.", "example_back": "The research question was refined after the literature review."},

    {"front": "la cote de popularité", "back": "approval rating", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 193, "example_front": "Sa cote de popularité a chuté après le scandale.", "example_back": "His approval rating dropped after the scandal."},
    {"front": "l'ayant droit", "back": "rightful claimant / beneficiary (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 194, "example_front": "Seuls les ayants droit peuvent toucher l'héritage.", "example_back": "Only the rightful beneficiaries can claim the inheritance."},
    {"front": "la reproductibilité expérimentale", "back": "experimental reproducibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 195, "example_front": "La reproductibilité expérimentale est un pilier de la méthode scientifique.", "example_back": "Experimental reproducibility is a pillar of the scientific method."},
    {"front": "la nature morte", "back": "still life (painting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 196, "example_front": "Cette nature morte représente des fruits et une carafe.", "example_back": "This still life depicts fruit and a carafe."},
    {"front": "la rumination (mentale)", "back": "rumination (mental)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 197, "example_front": "La rumination nocturne aggrave son insomnie.", "example_back": "Nighttime rumination worsens his insomnia."},
    {"front": "le portefeuille d'actifs", "back": "asset portfolio", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 198, "example_front": "Le fonds diversifie son portefeuille d'actifs.", "example_back": "The fund is diversifying its asset portfolio."},
    {"front": "la source anonyme", "back": "anonymous source", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 199, "example_front": "L'information provient d'une source anonyme au ministère.", "example_back": "The information comes from an anonymous source at the ministry."},
    {"front": "le rejet des eaux usées", "back": "wastewater discharge", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 200, "example_front": "Le rejet des eaux usées est strictement encadré par la loi.", "example_back": "Wastewater discharge is strictly regulated by law."},
    {"front": "le protocole de sécurité (informatique)", "back": "security protocol (computing)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 201, "example_front": "Le protocole de sécurité a été mis à jour après l'incident.", "example_back": "The security protocol was updated after the incident."},
    {"front": "l'antinomie", "back": "antinomy / logical contradiction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 202, "example_front": "Kant décrit une antinomie entre liberté et déterminisme.", "example_back": "Kant describes an antinomy between freedom and determinism."},
    {"front": "épiloguer sur", "back": "to hold forth on / dwell on (upgrades \"parler longuement de\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 203, "example_front": "Inutile d'épiloguer sur ce qui aurait pu être.", "example_back": "No use dwelling on what might have been."},
    {"front": "l'échantillon de contrôle", "back": "control group", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 204, "example_front": "Les résultats ont été comparés à l'échantillon de contrôle.", "example_back": "The results were compared to the control group."},

    {"front": "le clivage gauche-droite", "back": "left-right divide", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 205, "example_front": "Le clivage gauche-droite structure encore le débat.", "example_back": "The left-right divide still shapes the debate."},
    {"front": "l'atténuation des peines", "back": "sentence mitigation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 206, "example_front": "Son jeune âge a justifié l'atténuation des peines.", "example_back": "His young age justified the sentence mitigation."},
    {"front": "la variable confondante", "back": "confounding variable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 207, "example_front": "Les chercheurs ont contrôlé une variable confondante majeure.", "example_back": "The researchers controlled for a major confounding variable."},
    {"front": "la perspective (technique picturale)", "back": "perspective (painting technique)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 208, "example_front": "La perspective donne une impression de profondeur au tableau.", "example_back": "The perspective gives the painting a sense of depth."},
    {"front": "l'attachement (psychologie)", "back": "attachment (psychology)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 209, "example_front": "La théorie de l'attachement éclaire son comportement.", "example_back": "Attachment theory sheds light on his behavior."},
    {"front": "la capitalisation boursière", "back": "market capitalization", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 210, "example_front": "La capitalisation boursière a franchi les cent milliards.", "example_back": "The market capitalization crossed the hundred-billion mark."},
    {"front": "le hors-sujet (journalistique)", "back": "digression / off-topic content", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 211, "example_front": "L'émission a multiplié les hors-sujets ce soir.", "example_back": "Tonight's show was full of digressions."},
    {"front": "la raréfaction des ressources", "back": "resource scarcity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 212, "example_front": "La raréfaction des ressources inquiète les économistes.", "example_back": "Resource scarcity worries economists."},
    {"front": "l'informatique quantique", "back": "quantum computing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 213, "example_front": "L'informatique quantique pourrait révolutionner le chiffrement.", "example_back": "Quantum computing could revolutionize encryption."},
    {"front": "l'holisme", "back": "holism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 214, "example_front": "Cette approche relève davantage de l'holisme que du réductionnisme.", "example_back": "This approach is more about holism than reductionism."},
    {"front": "s'offusquer", "back": "to take offense (upgrades \"se vexer\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 215, "example_front": "Elle s'est offusquée de la remarque.", "example_back": "She took offense at the remark."},
    {"front": "l'appareil critique", "back": "critical apparatus (footnotes/annotations)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 216, "example_front": "L'édition comporte un appareil critique très détaillé.", "example_back": "The edition includes a very detailed critical apparatus."},

    {"front": "le clientélisme", "back": "clientelism / patronage politics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 217, "example_front": "Le clientélisme reste très présent dans certaines régions.", "example_back": "Clientelism remains widespread in some regions."},
    {"front": "la levée d'immunité", "back": "lifting of immunity (legal/political)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 218, "example_front": "Le parlement a voté la levée d'immunité du député.", "example_back": "Parliament voted to lift the MP's immunity."},
    {"front": "l'irréfutabilité", "back": "irrefutability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 219, "example_front": "Certains critiquent l'irréfutabilité apparente de cette théorie.", "example_back": "Some criticize this theory's apparent irrefutability."},
    {"front": "l'installation (art contemporain)", "back": "installation (contemporary art)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 220, "example_front": "L'installation occupe toute la salle principale.", "example_back": "The installation fills the entire main hall."},
    {"front": "la projection identitaire", "back": "identity projection", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 221, "example_front": "Le public opère une projection identitaire sur le personnage.", "example_back": "The audience projects their identity onto the character."},
    {"front": "la clause de sauvegarde", "back": "safeguard clause", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 222, "example_front": "Le contrat inclut une clause de sauvegarde en cas de force majeure.", "example_back": "The contract includes a safeguard clause for force majeure."},
    {"front": "le buzz médiatique", "back": "media buzz", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 223, "example_front": "La vidéo a créé un énorme buzz médiatique.", "example_back": "The video created a huge media buzz."},
    {"front": "l'espèce invasive", "back": "invasive species", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 224, "example_front": "Cette espèce invasive menace la faune locale.", "example_back": "This invasive species threatens local wildlife."},
    {"front": "le code source", "back": "source code", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 225, "example_front": "Le code source du logiciel a été rendu public.", "example_back": "The software's source code was made public."},
    {"front": "l'aporétique", "back": "aporetic (relating to unresolvable puzzles)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 226, "example_front": "Le dialogue socratique se termine souvent de manière aporétique.", "example_back": "The Socratic dialogue often ends aporetically."},
    {"front": "quémander", "back": "to beg / plead for (upgrades \"demander\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 227, "example_front": "Il déteste devoir quémander une faveur.", "example_back": "He hates having to beg for a favor."},
    {"front": "l'ancrage théorique", "back": "theoretical framework", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 228, "example_front": "L'ancrage théorique du mémoire est clairement posé dès l'introduction.", "example_back": "The thesis's theoretical framework is clearly laid out from the introduction."},

    {"front": "la sortie des urnes", "back": "exit poll", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 229, "example_front": "Les sondages sortie des urnes annonçaient un tout autre résultat.", "example_back": "The exit polls had predicted a completely different result."},
    {"front": "la partie civile", "back": "civil plaintiff", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 230, "example_front": "La partie civile réclame un euro symbolique.", "example_back": "The civil plaintiff is seeking a symbolic one euro."},
    {"front": "l'aléatoire (statistique)", "back": "randomness (statistical)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 231, "example_front": "Le tirage repose entièrement sur l'aléatoire.", "example_back": "The draw relies entirely on randomness."},
    {"front": "le motif récurrent", "back": "recurring motif", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 232, "example_front": "Le motif récurrent du miroir traverse toute l'œuvre.", "example_back": "The recurring motif of the mirror runs through the whole work."},
    {"front": "la théorie de l'esprit", "back": "theory of mind", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 233, "example_front": "La théorie de l'esprit se développe généralement vers quatre ans.", "example_back": "Theory of mind generally develops around age four."},
    {"front": "le passif (comptable)", "back": "liabilities (accounting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 234, "example_front": "Le passif dépasse largement les actifs de l'entreprise.", "example_back": "The liabilities far exceed the company's assets."},
    {"front": "la ligne rouge (éditoriale)", "back": "editorial red line", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 235, "example_front": "Le journal a franchi une ligne rouge éditoriale selon certains lecteurs.", "example_back": "The paper crossed an editorial red line according to some readers."},
    {"front": "l'artificialisation des sols", "back": "land development / soil sealing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 236, "example_front": "L'artificialisation des sols réduit les terres agricoles.", "example_back": "Land development is shrinking farmland."},
    {"front": "l'API (interface de programmation)", "back": "API (application programming interface)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 237, "example_front": "L'API permet à d'autres applications d'échanger des données.", "example_back": "The API lets other applications exchange data."},
    {"front": "le scepticisme épistémologique", "back": "epistemological skepticism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 238, "example_front": "Le scepticisme épistémologique remet en question toute certitude.", "example_back": "Epistemological skepticism questions all certainty."},
    {"front": "biberonner à", "back": "to be raised/fed on (figurative, upgrades \"grandir avec\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 239, "example_front": "Il a biberonné aux séries américaines depuis l'enfance.", "example_back": "He grew up fed on American TV shows since childhood."},
    {"front": "la note en bas de page bibliographique", "back": "bibliographic footnote", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 240, "example_front": "Chaque citation renvoie à une note en bas de page bibliographique.", "example_back": "Each quote refers to a bibliographic footnote."},

    {"front": "la cohabitation (politique)", "back": "cohabitation (political — opposing president/PM)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 241, "example_front": "La France a connu plusieurs périodes de cohabitation.", "example_back": "France has gone through several periods of cohabitation."},
    {"front": "la charge de la preuve", "back": "burden of proof", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 242, "example_front": "La charge de la preuve incombe à l'accusation.", "example_back": "The burden of proof lies with the prosecution."},
    {"front": "la variable indépendante", "back": "independent variable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 243, "example_front": "Les chercheurs ont fait varier la variable indépendante.", "example_back": "The researchers manipulated the independent variable."},
    {"front": "le mécénat d'entreprise", "back": "corporate sponsorship", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 244, "example_front": "Le festival dépend fortement du mécénat d'entreprise.", "example_back": "The festival relies heavily on corporate sponsorship."},
    {"front": "l'inconscient collectif", "back": "collective unconscious", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 245, "example_front": "Jung a théorisé l'inconscient collectif.", "example_back": "Jung theorized the collective unconscious."},
    {"front": "le redressement judiciaire", "back": "receivership / bankruptcy protection", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 246, "example_front": "L'entreprise a été placée en redressement judiciaire.", "example_back": "The company was placed into receivership."},
    {"front": "le média alternatif", "back": "alternative media outlet", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 247, "example_front": "Un média alternatif a révélé l'affaire en premier.", "example_back": "An alternative media outlet broke the story first."},
    {"front": "l'agroécologie", "back": "agroecology", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 248, "example_front": "L'agroécologie combine tradition paysanne et science moderne.", "example_back": "Agroecology combines traditional farming and modern science."},
    {"front": "le pare-feu (informatique)", "back": "firewall (computing)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 249, "example_front": "Le pare-feu a bloqué plusieurs tentatives d'intrusion.", "example_back": "The firewall blocked several intrusion attempts."},
    {"front": "le relativisme culturel", "back": "cultural relativism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 250, "example_front": "Le relativisme culturel suscite un débat sans fin.", "example_back": "Cultural relativism sparks an endless debate."},
    {"front": "bougonner", "back": "to grumble under one's breath (upgrades \"râler doucement\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 251, "example_front": "Le vieil homme bougonnait dans son coin.", "example_back": "The old man was grumbling in his corner."},
    {"front": "la note de synthèse", "back": "summary report / briefing note", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 252, "example_front": "Il a rédigé une note de synthèse pour le conseil scientifique.", "example_back": "He wrote a summary report for the scientific board."},

    {"front": "la démagogie", "back": "demagoguery", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 253, "example_front": "Ses adversaires l'accusent de démagogie.", "example_back": "His opponents accuse him of demagoguery."},
    {"front": "l'astreinte (juridique)", "back": "daily fine / penalty (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 254, "example_front": "Le tribunal a fixé une astreinte de mille euros par jour de retard.", "example_back": "The court set a fine of a thousand euros per day of delay."},
    {"front": "le taux d'erreur", "back": "error rate", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 255, "example_front": "Le taux d'erreur reste inférieur à cinq pour cent.", "example_back": "The error rate remains below five percent."},
    {"front": "la toile (peinture)", "back": "canvas (painting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 256, "example_front": "La toile a été vendue aux enchères pour une somme record.", "example_back": "The canvas was auctioned for a record sum."},
    {"front": "l'inhibition", "back": "inhibition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 257, "example_front": "L'alcool réduit ses inhibitions habituelles.", "example_back": "Alcohol lowers his usual inhibitions."},
    {"front": "la clause d'indexation", "back": "indexation clause", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 258, "example_front": "Le loyer comporte une clause d'indexation annuelle.", "example_back": "The rent includes an annual indexation clause."},
    {"front": "l'embargo médiatique", "back": "media embargo", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 259, "example_front": "L'embargo médiatique a été levé à minuit précis.", "example_back": "The media embargo was lifted at exactly midnight."},
    {"front": "l'acidification des océans", "back": "ocean acidification", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 260, "example_front": "L'acidification des océans menace les récifs coralliens.", "example_back": "Ocean acidification threatens coral reefs."},
    {"front": "le rançongiciel", "back": "ransomware", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 261, "example_front": "L'hôpital a été paralysé par un rançongiciel.", "example_back": "The hospital was paralyzed by ransomware."},
    {"front": "le sophisme", "back": "sophism / fallacy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 262, "example_front": "Son raisonnement repose sur un sophisme évident.", "example_back": "His reasoning rests on an obvious fallacy."},
    {"front": "cajoler", "back": "to coax / cuddle (register note: more tender than \"caresser\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 263, "example_front": "Elle cajole toujours son fils avant qu'il s'endorme.", "example_back": "She always coaxes her son gently before he falls asleep."},
    {"front": "la controverse scientifique", "back": "scientific controversy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 264, "example_front": "La controverse scientifique a duré plus de dix ans.", "example_back": "The scientific controversy lasted more than ten years."},

    {"front": "le populiste", "back": "populist (noun)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 265, "example_front": "Les populistes gagnent du terrain dans plusieurs pays.", "example_back": "Populists are gaining ground in several countries."},
    {"front": "l'ordonnance de référé", "back": "interim court order", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 266, "example_front": "Le juge a rendu une ordonnance de référé en urgence.", "example_back": "The judge issued an emergency interim order."},
    {"front": "le taux de significativité", "back": "significance level (p-value threshold)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 267, "example_front": "Le taux de significativité a été fixé à cinq pour cent.", "example_back": "The significance level was set at five percent."},
    {"front": "le happening (art)", "back": "happening (performance art)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 268, "example_front": "L'artiste a organisé un happening dans la rue principale.", "example_back": "The artist staged a happening on the main street."},
    {"front": "la résilience psychologique", "back": "psychological resilience", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 269, "example_front": "La thérapie a renforcé sa résilience psychologique.", "example_back": "Therapy strengthened his psychological resilience."},
    {"front": "la clause résolutoire", "back": "termination clause", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 270, "example_front": "Le bail contient une clause résolutoire en cas d'impayés.", "example_back": "The lease contains a termination clause for unpaid rent."},
    {"front": "le journalisme d'investigation", "back": "investigative journalism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 271, "example_front": "Le journalisme d'investigation a révélé le scandale.", "example_back": "Investigative journalism uncovered the scandal."},
    {"front": "la surconsommation", "back": "overconsumption", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 272, "example_front": "La surconsommation épuise les ressources naturelles.", "example_back": "Overconsumption depletes natural resources."},
    {"front": "l'informatique en périphérie", "back": "edge computing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 273, "example_front": "L'informatique en périphérie réduit les temps de latence.", "example_back": "Edge computing reduces latency times."},
    {"front": "l'utilitarisme", "back": "utilitarianism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 274, "example_front": "L'utilitarisme juge une action à ses conséquences.", "example_back": "Utilitarianism judges an action by its consequences."},
    {"front": "se morfondre", "back": "to mope / pine away (upgrades \"s'ennuyer tristement\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 275, "example_front": "Il se morfond depuis leur rupture.", "example_back": "He's been moping since their breakup."},
    {"front": "l'objectivité scientifique", "back": "scientific objectivity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 276, "example_front": "L'objectivité scientifique est un idéal difficile à atteindre.", "example_back": "Scientific objectivity is an ideal that's hard to achieve."},

    {"front": "le suffrage indirect", "back": "indirect suffrage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 277, "example_front": "Le sénat est élu au suffrage indirect.", "example_back": "The senate is elected through indirect suffrage."},
    {"front": "le sursis (peine)", "back": "suspended sentence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 278, "example_front": "Il a écopé de six mois de prison avec sursis.", "example_back": "He received a six-month suspended prison sentence."},
    {"front": "l'effet placebo", "back": "placebo effect", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 279, "example_front": "L'effet placebo a été observé chez près d'un tiers des patients.", "example_back": "The placebo effect was observed in nearly a third of patients."},
    {"front": "le triptyque (peinture)", "back": "triptych", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 280, "example_front": "Le triptyque orne le retable de l'église.", "example_back": "The triptych adorns the church's altarpiece."},
    {"front": "le trauma (psychologique)", "back": "trauma (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 281, "example_front": "Le trauma remonte à son enfance.", "example_back": "The trauma dates back to his childhood."},
    {"front": "l'amortissement (comptable)", "back": "depreciation (accounting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 282, "example_front": "L'amortissement du matériel s'étale sur cinq ans.", "example_back": "The equipment's depreciation is spread over five years."},
    {"front": "la ligne de démarcation éditoriale", "back": "editorial dividing line", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 283, "example_front": "Il existe une ligne de démarcation claire entre info et opinion.", "example_back": "There's a clear dividing line between news and opinion."},
    {"front": "la pollution sonore", "back": "noise pollution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 284, "example_front": "La pollution sonore perturbe la faune locale.", "example_back": "Noise pollution disrupts local wildlife."},
    {"front": "l'informatique embarquée", "back": "embedded computing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 285, "example_front": "L'informatique embarquée pilote désormais la plupart des véhicules.", "example_back": "Embedded computing now drives most vehicles."},
    {"front": "l'existentialisme", "back": "existentialism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 286, "example_front": "L'existentialisme place la liberté au centre de la condition humaine.", "example_back": "Existentialism places freedom at the center of the human condition."},
    {"front": "s'apitoyer sur", "back": "to feel sorry for / wallow in pity over (upgrades \"avoir pitié\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 287, "example_front": "Arrête de t'apitoyer sur ton sort.", "example_back": "Stop feeling sorry for yourself."},
    {"front": "la revue de littérature", "back": "literature review", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 288, "example_front": "La revue de littérature couvre les vingt dernières années.", "example_back": "The literature review covers the last twenty years."},

    {"front": "le désaveu (politique)", "back": "repudiation / vote of no confidence (figurative)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 289, "example_front": "Le résultat du vote est un désaveu cinglant pour le gouvernement.", "example_back": "The vote result is a stinging repudiation of the government."},
    {"front": "la récidive", "back": "repeat offense / recidivism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 290, "example_front": "La récidive entraîne une peine plus lourde.", "example_back": "Repeat offenses carry a heavier sentence."},
    {"front": "la marge d'erreur", "back": "margin of error", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 291, "example_front": "Le sondage a une marge d'erreur de trois points.", "example_back": "The poll has a margin of error of three points."},
    {"front": "le collage (art)", "back": "collage (art)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 292, "example_front": "L'artiste réalise ses œuvres à partir de collages de journaux.", "example_back": "The artist creates her works from newspaper collages."},
    {"front": "la résignation", "back": "resignation (emotional acceptance)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 293, "example_front": "Il a fini par accepter son sort avec résignation.", "example_back": "He eventually accepted his fate with resignation."},
    {"front": "la provision pour risques", "back": "risk provision (accounting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 294, "example_front": "L'entreprise a constitué une provision pour risques juridiques.", "example_back": "The company set aside a provision for legal risks."},
    {"front": "le paywall", "back": "paywall", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 295, "example_front": "L'article est passé derrière un paywall après une semaine.", "example_back": "The article went behind a paywall after a week."},
    {"front": "la gestion des déchets", "back": "waste management", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 296, "example_front": "La gestion des déchets reste un défi pour la métropole.", "example_back": "Waste management remains a challenge for the metro area."},
    {"front": "le protocole cryptographique", "back": "cryptographic protocol", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 297, "example_front": "Le protocole cryptographique garantit la confidentialité des échanges.", "example_back": "The cryptographic protocol ensures the confidentiality of exchanges."},
    {"front": "le rationalisme", "back": "rationalism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 298, "example_front": "Descartes est une figure centrale du rationalisme.", "example_back": "Descartes is a central figure in rationalism."},
    {"front": "s'esclaffer", "back": "to burst out laughing (upgrades \"rire fort\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 299, "example_front": "Toute la salle s'est esclaffée à la même blague.", "example_back": "The whole room burst out laughing at the same joke."},
    {"front": "la soutenance publique", "back": "public defense (of a thesis)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 300, "example_front": "La soutenance publique est ouverte à tous les étudiants.", "example_back": "The public defense is open to all students."}
  ]
}