{
  "name": "German C1 Core Vocab",
  "front_language": "German",
  "back_language": "English",
  "cards": [
    {"front": "die Voraussetzung", "back": "precondition / prerequisite", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 1, "example_front": "Gute Deutschkenntnisse sind eine Voraussetzung für das Studium.", "example_back": "Good German skills are a prerequisite for the degree program."},
    {"front": "die Fraktion", "back": "parliamentary group / faction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 2, "example_front": "Die Fraktion stimmte geschlossen gegen den Antrag.", "example_back": "The parliamentary group voted unanimously against the motion."},
    {"front": "die Bestimmung", "back": "provision / regulation (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 3, "example_front": "Diese Bestimmung wurde letztes Jahr geändert.", "example_back": "This provision was amended last year."},
    {"front": "die Hypothese", "back": "hypothesis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 4, "example_front": "Die Forscher überprüften ihre Hypothese in einem zweiten Experiment.", "example_back": "The researchers tested their hypothesis in a second experiment."},
    {"front": "die Ästhetik", "back": "aesthetics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 5, "example_front": "Der Roman spielt bewusst mit der Ästhetik des Hässlichen.", "example_back": "The novel deliberately plays with the aesthetics of ugliness."},
    {"front": "die Verdrängung", "back": "repression (psychological)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 6, "example_front": "Verdrängung ist ein zentraler Begriff der Psychoanalyse.", "example_back": "Repression is a central concept in psychoanalysis."},
    {"front": "die Fusion", "back": "merger", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 7, "example_front": "Die Fusion der beiden Konzerne steht noch aus.", "example_back": "The merger of the two corporations is still pending."},
    {"front": "die Voreingenommenheit", "back": "bias (media/reporting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 8, "example_front": "Kritiker werfen dem Sender eine gewisse Voreingenommenheit vor.", "example_back": "Critics accuse the broadcaster of a certain bias."},
    {"front": "die Verödung", "back": "desertification / blighting (of an area)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 9, "example_front": "Die Verödung ganzer Innenstädte ist ein wachsendes Problem.", "example_back": "The blighting of entire city centers is a growing problem."},
    {"front": "die Skalierbarkeit", "back": "scalability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 10, "example_front": "Die Skalierbarkeit der Plattform war der entscheidende Vorteil.", "example_back": "The platform's scalability was the decisive advantage."},
    {"front": "die Kontingenz", "back": "contingency (philosophical: the possibility of being otherwise)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 11, "example_front": "Der Philosoph betont die Kontingenz historischer Ereignisse.", "example_back": "The philosopher emphasizes the contingency of historical events."},
    {"front": "vonnöten", "back": "necessary / needed (elevated, upgrades \"nötig\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 12, "example_front": "Für dieses Vorhaben ist größte Sorgfalt vonnöten.", "example_back": "Utmost care is necessary for this undertaking."},
    {"front": "der Koalitionsvertrag", "back": "coalition agreement", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 13, "example_front": "Der Koalitionsvertrag legt die Ziele der nächsten vier Jahre fest.", "example_back": "The coalition agreement sets out the goals for the next four years."},
    {"front": "die Rechtsprechung", "back": "case law / jurisprudence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 14, "example_front": "Die Rechtsprechung zu diesem Thema ist uneinheitlich.", "example_back": "The case law on this topic is inconsistent."},
    {"front": "die Signifikanz", "back": "statistical significance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 15, "example_front": "Das Ergebnis erreichte keine statistische Signifikanz.", "example_back": "The result did not reach statistical significance."},
    {"front": "die Rezeption", "back": "reception (how a work is received/interpreted)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 16, "example_front": "Die Rezeption des Films hat sich über die Jahrzehnte gewandelt.", "example_back": "The reception of the film has changed over the decades."},
    {"front": "die Resilienz", "back": "resilience", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 17, "example_front": "Manche Kinder entwickeln trotz schwieriger Umstände erstaunliche Resilienz.", "example_back": "Some children develop remarkable resilience despite difficult circumstances."},
    {"front": "die Rentabilität", "back": "profitability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 18, "example_front": "Die Rentabilität des Projekts wird derzeit neu berechnet.", "example_back": "The profitability of the project is currently being recalculated."},
    {"front": "die Berichterstattung", "back": "reporting / coverage (media)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 19, "example_front": "Die Berichterstattung über die Wahl war auffallend einseitig.", "example_back": "The coverage of the election was strikingly one-sided."},
    {"front": "die Bodenerosion", "back": "soil erosion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 20, "example_front": "Bodenerosion bedroht die landwirtschaftlichen Erträge der Region.", "example_back": "Soil erosion threatens the region's agricultural yields."},
    {"front": "die Schnittstelle", "back": "interface", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 21, "example_front": "Die Schnittstelle zwischen den beiden Systemen war fehlerhaft.", "example_back": "The interface between the two systems was faulty."},
    {"front": "die Kohärenz", "back": "coherence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 22, "example_front": "Dem Aufsatz fehlt es an innerer Kohärenz.", "example_back": "The essay lacks internal coherence."},
    {"front": "obsolet", "back": "obsolete (formal, upgrades \"veraltet\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 23, "example_front": "Diese Technologie gilt inzwischen als obsolet.", "example_back": "This technology is now considered obsolete."},
    {"front": "die Legislaturperiode", "back": "legislative term", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 24, "example_front": "In dieser Legislaturperiode wurden kaum Reformen verabschiedet.", "example_back": "Hardly any reforms were passed during this legislative term."},
    {"front": "die Zuständigkeit", "back": "jurisdiction / competence (legal-administrative)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 25, "example_front": "Für diesen Fall liegt die Zuständigkeit beim Landgericht.", "example_back": "Jurisdiction over this case lies with the regional court."},
    {"front": "die Korrelation", "back": "correlation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 26, "example_front": "Die Studie fand eine schwache Korrelation zwischen beiden Faktoren.", "example_back": "The study found a weak correlation between the two factors."},
    {"front": "die Inszenierung", "back": "staging / production (theater); also fig. \"contrivance\"", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 27, "example_front": "Die Inszenierung des Stücks wurde von der Kritik gefeiert.", "example_back": "The staging of the play was celebrated by critics."},
    {"front": "die Verlustangst", "back": "fear of loss / abandonment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 28, "example_front": "Seine Verlustangst prägt fast jede seiner Beziehungen.", "example_back": "His fear of abandonment shapes almost every one of his relationships."},
    {"front": "die Marktdurchdringung", "back": "market penetration", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 29, "example_front": "Die Marktdurchdringung in Osteuropa blieb hinter den Erwartungen zurück.", "example_back": "Market penetration in Eastern Europe fell short of expectations."},
    {"front": "die Reichweite", "back": "reach / audience size (media)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 30, "example_front": "Der Podcast hat seine Reichweite innerhalb eines Jahres verdoppelt.", "example_back": "The podcast has doubled its reach within a year."},
    {"front": "die Artenvielfalt", "back": "biodiversity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 31, "example_front": "Der Rückgang der Artenvielfalt beschleunigt sich weltweit.", "example_back": "The decline in biodiversity is accelerating worldwide."},
    {"front": "die Latenz", "back": "latency", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 32, "example_front": "Eine geringere Latenz verbessert das Spielerlebnis erheblich.", "example_back": "Lower latency significantly improves the gaming experience."},
    {"front": "die Ambivalenz", "back": "ambivalence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 33, "example_front": "Seine Ambivalenz gegenüber der Entscheidung war spürbar.", "example_back": "His ambivalence toward the decision was palpable."},
    {"front": "mithin", "back": "therefore / consequently (formal, upgrades \"also\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 34, "example_front": "Der Vertrag ist mithin nichtig.", "example_back": "The contract is therefore null and void."},
    {"front": "der Lobbyismus", "back": "lobbying", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 35, "example_front": "Kritiker fordern strengere Regeln gegen Lobbyismus im Bundestag.", "example_back": "Critics demand stricter rules against lobbying in the Bundestag."},
    {"front": "die Verjährung", "back": "statute of limitations", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 36, "example_front": "Der Anspruch ist wegen Verjährung erloschen.", "example_back": "The claim has expired due to the statute of limitations."},
    {"front": "die Reproduzierbarkeit", "back": "reproducibility (of results)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 37, "example_front": "Die mangelnde Reproduzierbarkeit stellt viele Studien infrage.", "example_back": "The lack of reproducibility calls many studies into question."},
    {"front": "die Anspielung", "back": "allusion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 38, "example_front": "Der Text ist voller Anspielungen auf antike Mythologie.", "example_back": "The text is full of allusions to ancient mythology."},
    {"front": "die Selbstwirksamkeit", "back": "self-efficacy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 39, "example_front": "Ein hohes Maß an Selbstwirksamkeit hilft bei der Bewältigung von Rückschlägen.", "example_back": "A high sense of self-efficacy helps in coping with setbacks."},
    {"front": "die Auslastung", "back": "capacity utilization", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 40, "example_front": "Die Auslastung der Fabrik liegt derzeit bei achtzig Prozent.", "example_back": "The factory's capacity utilization currently stands at eighty percent."},
    {"front": "die Meinungsmache", "back": "propaganda / opinion-shaping (pejorative)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 41, "example_front": "Er wirft der Boulevardpresse gezielte Meinungsmache vor.", "example_back": "He accuses the tabloid press of deliberate opinion-shaping."},
    {"front": "die Versiegelung", "back": "(land/soil) sealing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 42, "example_front": "Die Versiegelung des Bodens verstärkt das Hochwasserrisiko.", "example_back": "The sealing of the soil increases the risk of flooding."},
    {"front": "die Verschlüsselung", "back": "encryption", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 43, "example_front": "Ohne Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung sind die Nachrichten nicht sicher.", "example_back": "Without end-to-end encryption, the messages are not secure."},
    {"front": "die Prämisse", "back": "premise", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 44, "example_front": "Das ganze Argument beruht auf einer fragwürdigen Prämisse.", "example_back": "The whole argument rests on a questionable premise."},
    {"front": "erachten (für)", "back": "to deem / consider (formal, upgrades \"finden\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 45, "example_front": "Das Gericht erachtete die Klage als unbegründet.", "example_back": "The court deemed the lawsuit unfounded."},
    {"front": "die Enthaltung", "back": "abstention (vote)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 46, "example_front": "Bei zwölf Enthaltungen wurde der Antrag knapp angenommen.", "example_back": "With twelve abstentions, the motion was narrowly passed."},
    {"front": "die Beweislast", "back": "burden of proof", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 47, "example_front": "Die Beweislast liegt in diesem Fall beim Kläger.", "example_back": "The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff in this case."},
    {"front": "die Kausalität", "back": "causality", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 48, "example_front": "Korrelation allein beweist noch keine Kausalität.", "example_back": "Correlation alone does not prove causality."},
    {"front": "die Symbolik", "back": "symbolism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 49, "example_front": "Die religiöse Symbolik durchzieht das gesamte Gemälde.", "example_back": "Religious symbolism runs throughout the entire painting."},
    {"front": "die Selbstüberschätzung", "back": "overconfidence / self-overestimation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 50, "example_front": "Seine Selbstüberschätzung führte am Ende zum Scheitern des Projekts.", "example_back": "His overconfidence ultimately led to the project's failure."},
    {"front": "die Wertschöpfungskette", "back": "value chain", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 51, "example_front": "Das Unternehmen kontrolliert die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette.", "example_back": "The company controls the entire value chain."},
    {"front": "die Skandalisierung", "back": "sensationalizing (turning something into a scandal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 52, "example_front": "Manche Medien neigen zur Skandalisierung kleinster Vorfälle.", "example_back": "Some media outlets tend to sensationalize the smallest incidents."},
    {"front": "die Emission", "back": "emission", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 53, "example_front": "Die Emissionen des Sektors müssen bis 2030 halbiert werden.", "example_back": "The sector's emissions must be halved by 2030."},
    {"front": "die Redundanz", "back": "redundancy (systems, also linguistic)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 54, "example_front": "Redundanz im System verhindert einen kompletten Ausfall.", "example_back": "Redundancy in the system prevents a total failure."},
    {"front": "die Dichotomie", "back": "dichotomy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 55, "example_front": "Die Dichotomie zwischen Natur und Kultur wird zunehmend hinterfragt.", "example_back": "The dichotomy between nature and culture is increasingly being questioned."},
    {"front": "gedenken (+Gen.)", "back": "to commemorate / bear in mind (formal, upgrades \"denken an\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 56, "example_front": "Man gedachte der Opfer mit einer Schweigeminute.", "example_back": "The victims were commemorated with a moment of silence."},
    {"front": "die Volksabstimmung", "back": "referendum", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 57, "example_front": "Über die Verfassungsänderung wird eine Volksabstimmung entscheiden.", "example_back": "A referendum will decide on the constitutional amendment."},
    {"front": "die Haftung", "back": "liability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 58, "example_front": "Der Hersteller lehnt jede Haftung für Folgeschäden ab.", "example_back": "The manufacturer disclaims all liability for consequential damages."},
    {"front": "die Stichprobe", "back": "sample (statistics)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 59, "example_front": "Die Stichprobe war für belastbare Ergebnisse zu klein.", "example_back": "The sample was too small for robust results."},
    {"front": "die Dramaturgie", "back": "dramaturgy / narrative structure", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 60, "example_front": "Die Dramaturgie des zweiten Akts wirkt unausgereift.", "example_back": "The dramaturgy of the second act feels underdeveloped."},
    {"front": "die Frustrationstoleranz", "back": "frustration tolerance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 61, "example_front": "Kinder mit geringer Frustrationstoleranz geben schnell auf.", "example_back": "Children with low frustration tolerance give up quickly."},
    {"front": "die Insolvenz", "back": "insolvency / bankruptcy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 62, "example_front": "Die Firma musste im Frühjahr Insolvenz anmelden.", "example_back": "The company had to file for insolvency in spring."},
    {"front": "die Filterblase", "back": "filter bubble", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 63, "example_front": "Soziale Netzwerke verstärken oft die eigene Filterblase.", "example_back": "Social networks often reinforce one's own filter bubble."},
    {"front": "die Aufforstung", "back": "reforestation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 64, "example_front": "Die Aufforstung soll die verlorenen Waldflächen ersetzen.", "example_back": "The reforestation is meant to replace the lost forest areas."},
    {"front": "die Fehlertoleranz", "back": "fault tolerance (systems)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 65, "example_front": "Das System wurde auf hohe Fehlertoleranz ausgelegt.", "example_back": "The system was designed for high fault tolerance."},
    {"front": "die Willkür", "back": "arbitrariness", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 66, "example_front": "Die Entscheidung wirkte wie reine Willkür.", "example_back": "The decision seemed like pure arbitrariness."},
    {"front": "geruhen (zu)", "back": "to deign (to); ironic/very formal, upgrades \"sich herablassen\"", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 67, "example_front": "Er geruhte, uns endlich zu antworten.", "example_back": "He deigned to finally answer us."},
    {"front": "die Regierungskrise", "back": "government crisis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 68, "example_front": "Der Rücktritt löste eine tiefe Regierungskrise aus.", "example_back": "The resignation triggered a deep government crisis."},
    {"front": "die Auflage", "back": "condition / stipulation (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 69, "example_front": "Die Genehmigung wurde nur unter strengen Auflagen erteilt.", "example_back": "The permit was granted only under strict conditions."},
    {"front": "die Anomalie", "back": "anomaly", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 70, "example_front": "Die Messdaten zeigten eine unerklärliche Anomalie.", "example_back": "The measurement data showed an unexplainable anomaly."},
    {"front": "die Metapher", "back": "metaphor", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 71, "example_front": "Der Dichter bedient sich einer kühnen Metapher.", "example_back": "The poet uses a bold metaphor."},
    {"front": "die Abwehrhaltung", "back": "defensive attitude", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 72, "example_front": "Kritik löste bei ihm sofort eine Abwehrhaltung aus.", "example_back": "Criticism immediately triggered a defensive attitude in him."},
    {"front": "die Marktsättigung", "back": "market saturation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 73, "example_front": "Die Marktsättigung erschwert weiteres Wachstum.", "example_back": "Market saturation makes further growth difficult."},
    {"front": "die Falschmeldung", "back": "false report / fake news", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 74, "example_front": "Die Falschmeldung verbreitete sich innerhalb von Minuten.", "example_back": "The false report spread within minutes."},
    {"front": "die Grundwasserabsenkung", "back": "groundwater depletion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 75, "example_front": "Die Grundwasserabsenkung gefährdet die lokale Trinkwasserversorgung.", "example_back": "Groundwater depletion endangers the local drinking water supply."},
    {"front": "die Rechenleistung", "back": "computing power", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 76, "example_front": "Das Modell benötigt enorme Rechenleistung.", "example_back": "The model requires enormous computing power."},
    {"front": "die Trägheit", "back": "inertia (physical and figurative)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 77, "example_front": "Die Trägheit der Bürokratie verzögert jede Reform.", "example_back": "The inertia of the bureaucracy delays every reform."},
    {"front": "vermeintlich", "back": "supposed / alleged (formal, upgrades \"angeblich\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 78, "example_front": "Der vermeintliche Täter wurde später freigesprochen.", "example_back": "The alleged perpetrator was later acquitted."},
    {"front": "die Machtprobe", "back": "power struggle / showdown", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 79, "example_front": "Die Verhandlungen wurden zu einer Machtprobe zwischen beiden Parteien.", "example_back": "The negotiations turned into a power struggle between the two parties."},
    {"front": "die Sachbeschädigung", "back": "vandalism / criminal damage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 80, "example_front": "Er wurde wegen Sachbeschädigung angezeigt.", "example_back": "He was reported for vandalism."},
    {"front": "das Kontrollexperiment", "back": "control experiment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 81, "example_front": "Ohne Kontrollexperiment lässt sich der Effekt nicht nachweisen.", "example_back": "Without a control experiment, the effect cannot be demonstrated."},
    {"front": "die Nuance", "back": "nuance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 82, "example_front": "Die Übersetzung verliert leider einige Nuancen des Originals.", "example_back": "The translation unfortunately loses some nuances of the original."},
    {"front": "die Empathiefähigkeit", "back": "capacity for empathy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 83, "example_front": "Seine Empathiefähigkeit macht ihn zu einem guten Therapeuten.", "example_back": "His capacity for empathy makes him a good therapist."},
    {"front": "die Abfindung", "back": "severance pay", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 84, "example_front": "Er erhielt eine großzügige Abfindung beim Ausscheiden.", "example_back": "He received a generous severance pay upon leaving."},
    {"front": "die Framing-Technik", "back": "framing technique (media/rhetoric)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 85, "example_front": "Die Framing-Technik der Kampagne war unverkennbar.", "example_back": "The campaign's framing technique was unmistakable."},
    {"front": "die Überdüngung", "back": "over-fertilization", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 86, "example_front": "Überdüngung führt zur Verunreinigung des Grundwassers.", "example_back": "Over-fertilization leads to groundwater contamination."},
    {"front": "die Fehlerbehebung", "back": "troubleshooting / bug fixing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 87, "example_front": "Die Fehlerbehebung dauerte länger als geplant.", "example_back": "The troubleshooting took longer than planned."},
    {"front": "die Paradoxie", "back": "paradox (quality of being paradoxical)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 88, "example_front": "Die Paradoxie dieser Situation entging ihm nicht.", "example_back": "The paradox of this situation was not lost on him."},
    {"front": "vermöge (+Gen.)", "back": "by virtue of (very formal preposition, upgrades \"durch\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 89, "example_front": "Vermöge seiner Erfahrung löste er das Problem rasch.", "example_back": "By virtue of his experience, he solved the problem quickly."},
    {"front": "das Misstrauensvotum", "back": "vote of no confidence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 90, "example_front": "Das Misstrauensvotum scheiterte nur knapp.", "example_back": "The vote of no confidence failed only narrowly."},
    {"front": "die Fahrlässigkeit", "back": "negligence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 91, "example_front": "Ihm wurde grobe Fahrlässigkeit vorgeworfen.", "example_back": "He was accused of gross negligence."},
    {"front": "die Validität", "back": "validity (of a measurement/argument)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 92, "example_front": "Die Validität des Tests wurde in mehreren Studien bestätigt.", "example_back": "The validity of the test was confirmed in several studies."},
    {"front": "die Kadenz", "back": "cadence (music/rhetoric)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 93, "example_front": "Die Kadenz des Satzes verleiht ihm eine besondere Wirkung.", "example_back": "The cadence of the sentence gives it a special effect."},
    {"front": "die Abgrenzung", "back": "setting boundaries / delineation (psych./interpersonal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 94, "example_front": "Eine gesunde Abgrenzung fällt ihr schwer.", "example_back": "Setting healthy boundaries is difficult for her."},
    {"front": "die Umsatzsteigerung", "back": "revenue growth", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 95, "example_front": "Die Umsatzsteigerung übertraf alle Prognosen.", "example_back": "The revenue growth exceeded all forecasts."},
    {"front": "die Zensurmaßnahme", "back": "censorship measure", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 96, "example_front": "Die neue Zensurmaßnahme sorgte international für Kritik.", "example_back": "The new censorship measure drew international criticism."},
    {"front": "die Trinkwasserknappheit", "back": "drinking water scarcity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 97, "example_front": "Die Trinkwasserknappheit verschärft sich in vielen Regionen.", "example_back": "Drinking water scarcity is worsening in many regions."},
    {"front": "die Bandbreite", "back": "bandwidth; also fig. \"range/spectrum\"", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 98, "example_front": "Die verfügbare Bandbreite reicht für Videokonferenzen nicht aus.", "example_back": "The available bandwidth is insufficient for video conferencing."},
    {"front": "die Tragweite", "back": "significance / scope (of consequences)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 99, "example_front": "Die Tragweite der Entscheidung wurde erst Monate später klar.", "example_back": "The significance of the decision only became clear months later."},
    {"front": "weitestgehend", "back": "largely / to the greatest extent (formal, upgrades \"meistens\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 100, "example_front": "Das Problem wurde weitestgehend gelöst.", "example_back": "The problem was largely solved."},
    {"front": "der Populismus", "back": "populism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 101, "example_front": "Der Aufstieg des Populismus beunruhigt viele Beobachter.", "example_back": "The rise of populism worries many observers."},
    {"front": "das Bußgeld", "back": "fine (monetary penalty)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 102, "example_front": "Für den Verstoß wurde ein hohes Bußgeld verhängt.", "example_back": "A hefty fine was imposed for the violation."},
    {"front": "die Falsifizierbarkeit", "back": "falsifiability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 103, "example_front": "Nach Popper ist die Falsifizierbarkeit ein Kriterium von Wissenschaftlichkeit.", "example_back": "According to Popper, falsifiability is a criterion of being scientific."},
    {"front": "die Motivik", "back": "motif structure (recurring motifs in a work)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 104, "example_front": "Die Motivik des Wassers zieht sich durch den ganzen Roman.", "example_back": "The motif of water runs through the entire novel."},
    {"front": "die Grübelei", "back": "rumination / brooding", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 105, "example_front": "Ständige Grübelei verstärkt oft die depressive Stimmung.", "example_back": "Constant rumination often intensifies depressive moods."},
    {"front": "die Abschreibung", "back": "depreciation (accounting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 106, "example_front": "Die Abschreibung der Maschinen erfolgt über zehn Jahre.", "example_back": "Depreciation of the machinery occurs over ten years."},
    {"front": "die Meinungshoheit", "back": "dominance over public opinion / narrative control", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 107, "example_front": "Beide Lager kämpfen um die Meinungshoheit in den sozialen Medien.", "example_back": "Both camps are fighting for narrative control on social media."},
    {"front": "die Klimaresilienz", "back": "climate resilience", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 108, "example_front": "Die Stadt investiert massiv in ihre Klimaresilienz.", "example_back": "The city is investing heavily in its climate resilience."},
    {"front": "die Rückwärtskompatibilität", "back": "backward compatibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 109, "example_front": "Die neue Version verzichtet leider auf Rückwärtskompatibilität.", "example_back": "The new version unfortunately dispenses with backward compatibility."},
    {"front": "die Zwangsläufigkeit", "back": "inevitability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 110, "example_front": "Er sprach von der Zwangsläufigkeit des Konflikts.", "example_back": "He spoke of the inevitability of the conflict."},
    {"front": "vollends", "back": "completely / entirely (formal, upgrades \"ganz\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 111, "example_front": "Damit war der Plan vollends gescheitert.", "example_back": "With that, the plan had completely failed."},
    {"front": "die Amtszeit", "back": "term of office", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 112, "example_front": "Seine Amtszeit endet im kommenden Frühjahr.", "example_back": "His term of office ends next spring."},
    {"front": "die Auslegung", "back": "interpretation (of a law/text)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 113, "example_front": "Die Auslegung des Paragrafen ist umstritten.", "example_back": "The interpretation of the clause is disputed."},
    {"front": "die Plausibilität", "back": "plausibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 114, "example_front": "Die Plausibilität der Theorie wurde stark angezweifelt.", "example_back": "The plausibility of the theory was strongly questioned."},
    {"front": "die Verfremdung", "back": "alienation effect / defamiliarization (Brechtian device)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 115, "example_front": "Brecht setzte die Verfremdung als dramatisches Mittel ein.", "example_back": "Brecht used the alienation effect as a dramatic device."},
    {"front": "die Konfliktscheu", "back": "conflict avoidance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 116, "example_front": "Seine Konfliktscheu verhindert oft eine ehrliche Aussprache.", "example_back": "His conflict avoidance often prevents an honest conversation."},
    {"front": "die Marge", "back": "margin (profit)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 117, "example_front": "Die Marge ist wegen steigender Rohstoffkosten geschrumpft.", "example_back": "The margin has shrunk due to rising raw material costs."},
    {"front": "die Skandalpresse", "back": "tabloid / scandal press", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 118, "example_front": "Die Skandalpresse stürzte sich sofort auf die Affäre.", "example_back": "The tabloid press pounced on the affair immediately."},
    {"front": "die Feinstaubbelastung", "back": "particulate matter pollution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 119, "example_front": "Die Feinstaubbelastung überschritt erneut den Grenzwert.", "example_back": "Particulate matter pollution exceeded the limit again."},
    {"front": "die Fehlfunktion", "back": "malfunction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 120, "example_front": "Eine Fehlfunktion des Sensors löste den Alarm aus.", "example_back": "A malfunction of the sensor triggered the alarm."},
    {"front": "die Diskrepanz", "back": "discrepancy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 121, "example_front": "Es besteht eine deutliche Diskrepanz zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit.", "example_back": "There is a clear discrepancy between aspiration and reality."},
    {"front": "beileibe (nicht)", "back": "by no means (emphatic, formal, upgrades \"gar nicht\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 122, "example_front": "Das war beileibe nicht seine einzige Fehlentscheidung.", "example_back": "That was by no means his only bad decision."},
    {"front": "die Wahlbeteiligung", "back": "voter turnout", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 123, "example_front": "Die Wahlbeteiligung sank auf einen historischen Tiefstand.", "example_back": "Voter turnout fell to a historic low."},
    {"front": "die Nichtigkeit", "back": "nullity / invalidity (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 124, "example_front": "Das Gericht erklärte den Vertrag wegen Formmangels für nichtig.", "example_back": "The court declared the contract void due to a formal defect."},
    {"front": "die Extrapolation", "back": "extrapolation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 125, "example_front": "Die Prognose beruht auf einer gewagten Extrapolation.", "example_back": "The forecast is based on a bold extrapolation."},
    {"front": "die Leitmotivik", "back": "leitmotif structure", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 126, "example_front": "Wagners Leitmotivik prägt die gesamte Oper.", "example_back": "Wagner's leitmotif structure shapes the entire opera."},
    {"front": "die Kränkung", "back": "emotional hurt / narcissistic injury", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 127, "example_front": "Die Kränkung saß tief und wirkte noch Jahre nach.", "example_back": "The hurt ran deep and lingered for years."},
    {"front": "die Liquidität", "back": "liquidity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 128, "example_front": "Die Liquidität des Unternehmens ist derzeit angespannt.", "example_back": "The company's liquidity is currently strained."},
    {"front": "die Reichweitenmessung", "back": "reach measurement / audience metrics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 129, "example_front": "Die Reichweitenmessung im Netz bleibt methodisch umstritten.", "example_back": "Reach measurement online remains methodologically disputed."},
    {"front": "die Wiederaufforstung", "back": "reforestation (emphasis: restoring what was lost)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 130, "example_front": "Wiederaufforstung allein reicht gegen den Klimawandel nicht aus.", "example_back": "Reforestation alone is not enough to combat climate change."},
    {"front": "die Fehlertoleranzgrenze", "back": "fault-tolerance threshold", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 131, "example_front": "Der Sensor überschritt die Fehlertoleranzgrenze deutlich.", "example_back": "The sensor clearly exceeded the fault-tolerance threshold."},
    {"front": "die Vereinnahmung", "back": "co-optation / appropriation (of an idea/movement)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 132, "example_front": "Kritiker warnen vor der politischen Vereinnahmung der Bewegung.", "example_back": "Critics warn against the political co-optation of the movement."},
    {"front": "keineswegs", "back": "by no means / not at all (formal, upgrades \"gar nicht\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 133, "example_front": "Das Ergebnis war keineswegs überraschend.", "example_back": "The result was by no means surprising."},
    {"front": "das Amtsenthebungsverfahren", "back": "impeachment proceedings", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 134, "example_front": "Das Amtsenthebungsverfahren scheiterte im Senat.", "example_back": "The impeachment proceedings failed in the Senate."},
    {"front": "die Vollstreckung", "back": "enforcement / execution (of a judgment)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 135, "example_front": "Die Vollstreckung des Urteils wurde vorläufig ausgesetzt.", "example_back": "Enforcement of the judgment was provisionally suspended."},
    {"front": "das Gedankenexperiment", "back": "thought experiment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 136, "example_front": "Einsteins berühmtes Gedankenexperiment veränderte die Physik.", "example_back": "Einstein's famous thought experiment transformed physics."},
    {"front": "die Sujetwahl", "back": "choice of subject matter (art/literature)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 137, "example_front": "Die Sujetwahl des Malers war für seine Zeit ungewöhnlich.", "example_back": "The painter's choice of subject matter was unusual for his time."},
    {"front": "die Selbstsabotage", "back": "self-sabotage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 138, "example_front": "Sein Verhalten wirkte fast wie Selbstsabotage.", "example_back": "His behavior seemed almost like self-sabotage."},
    {"front": "die Umsatzrendite", "back": "return on sales", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 139, "example_front": "Die Umsatzrendite verbesserte sich im letzten Quartal leicht.", "example_back": "The return on sales improved slightly last quarter."},
    {"front": "die Skandalisierungsspirale", "back": "spiral of sensationalism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 140, "example_front": "Beide Seiten trieben die Skandalisierungsspirale immer weiter an.", "example_back": "Both sides kept driving the spiral of sensationalism further."},
    {"front": "die Ozeanversauerung", "back": "ocean acidification", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 141, "example_front": "Die Ozeanversauerung bedroht Korallenriffe weltweit.", "example_back": "Ocean acidification threatens coral reefs worldwide."},
    {"front": "die Datenintegrität", "back": "data integrity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 142, "example_front": "Ein Systemfehler gefährdete kurzzeitig die Datenintegrität.", "example_back": "A system error briefly endangered data integrity."},
    {"front": "die Unumkehrbarkeit", "back": "irreversibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 143, "example_front": "Die Unumkehrbarkeit des Schadens machte alle Debatten obsolet.", "example_back": "The irreversibility of the damage made all debates obsolete."},
    {"front": "gleichwohl", "back": "nevertheless / all the same (formal, upgrades \"trotzdem\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 144, "example_front": "Gleichwohl blieb er bei seiner Entscheidung.", "example_back": "Nevertheless, he stuck to his decision."},
    {"front": "die Regierungsbildung", "back": "government formation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 145, "example_front": "Die Regierungsbildung zog sich über mehrere Monate hin.", "example_back": "The government formation dragged on for several months."},
    {"front": "die Anhörung", "back": "hearing (legal/parliamentary)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 146, "example_front": "In der Anhörung äußerten sich mehrere Sachverständige.", "example_back": "Several experts spoke at the hearing."},
    {"front": "die Kontrollgruppe", "back": "control group", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 147, "example_front": "Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt lediglich ein Placebo.", "example_back": "The control group received only a placebo."},
    {"front": "die Ambiguität", "back": "ambiguity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 148, "example_front": "Die Ambiguität des Endes lässt viel Raum für Interpretation.", "example_back": "The ambiguity of the ending leaves much room for interpretation."},
    {"front": "die Trotzreaktion", "back": "defiant reaction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 149, "example_front": "Seine Trotzreaktion überraschte alle Anwesenden.", "example_back": "His defiant reaction surprised everyone present."},
    {"front": "die Kapitalflucht", "back": "capital flight", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 150, "example_front": "Die Kapitalflucht schwächte die heimische Währung erheblich.", "example_back": "Capital flight significantly weakened the domestic currency."},
    {"front": "die Deutungshoheit", "back": "interpretive authority / control over the narrative", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 151, "example_front": "Beide Parteien beanspruchen die Deutungshoheit über das Ereignis.", "example_back": "Both parties claim interpretive authority over the event."},
    {"front": "die Lebensraumzerstörung", "back": "habitat destruction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 152, "example_front": "Lebensraumzerstörung ist die Hauptursache des Artensterbens.", "example_back": "Habitat destruction is the main cause of species extinction."},
    {"front": "die Fehlerquote", "back": "error rate", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 153, "example_front": "Die Fehlerquote des neuen Modells sank drastisch.", "example_back": "The error rate of the new model dropped drastically."},
    {"front": "die Beliebigkeit", "back": "arbitrariness / randomness (of choice)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 154, "example_front": "Die Beliebigkeit der Kriterien machte die Bewertung unglaubwürdig.", "example_back": "The arbitrariness of the criteria made the evaluation unconvincing."},
    {"front": "fürwahr", "back": "truly / indeed (archaic-literary, upgrades \"wirklich\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 155, "example_front": "Das war fürwahr eine bemerkenswerte Leistung.", "example_back": "That was truly a remarkable achievement."},
    {"front": "die Machtergreifung", "back": "seizure of power", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 156, "example_front": "Historiker analysieren bis heute die Umstände der Machtergreifung.", "example_back": "Historians still analyze the circumstances of the seizure of power."},
    {"front": "die Rechtsbeugung", "back": "perversion / obstruction of justice", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 157, "example_front": "Dem Richter wurde Rechtsbeugung vorgeworfen.", "example_back": "The judge was accused of obstructing justice."},
    {"front": "die Datenerhebung", "back": "data collection (research)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 158, "example_front": "Die Datenerhebung erstreckte sich über drei Jahre.", "example_back": "The data collection spanned three years."},
    {"front": "die Verfremdungseffekt", "back": "distancing/alienation effect (variant term)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 159, "example_front": "Der Verfremdungseffekt hält den Zuschauer auf Distanz.", "example_back": "The alienation effect keeps the viewer at a distance."},
    {"front": "die Anpassungsfähigkeit", "back": "adaptability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 160, "example_front": "Seine Anpassungsfähigkeit half ihm in der neuen Umgebung.", "example_back": "His adaptability helped him in the new environment."},
    {"front": "die Marktmacht", "back": "market power", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 161, "example_front": "Der Konzern missbrauchte offenbar seine Marktmacht.", "example_back": "The corporation apparently abused its market power."},
    {"front": "die Zielgruppenanalyse", "back": "target-audience analysis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 162, "example_front": "Die Zielgruppenanalyse ergab überraschende Trends.", "example_back": "The target-audience analysis revealed surprising trends."},
    {"front": "die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung", "back": "sustainability reporting", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 163, "example_front": "Die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung wird künftig verpflichtend.", "example_back": "Sustainability reporting will become mandatory in the future."},
    {"front": "die Zugriffsrechte", "back": "access rights / permissions", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 164, "example_front": "Die Zugriffsrechte wurden nach dem Vorfall überarbeitet.", "example_back": "Access rights were revised after the incident."},
    {"front": "die Wechselwirkung", "back": "interaction / interplay (of effects/factors)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 165, "example_front": "Die Wechselwirkung beider Faktoren ist noch kaum erforscht.", "example_back": "The interplay of both factors is still barely researched."},
    {"front": "nichtsdestotrotz", "back": "nonetheless (colloquial-formal blend, upgrades \"trotzdem\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 166, "example_front": "Nichtsdestotrotz hielt sie an ihrem Plan fest.", "example_back": "Nonetheless, she stuck to her plan."},
    {"front": "die Staatsverschuldung", "back": "national debt", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 167, "example_front": "Die Staatsverschuldung erreichte einen neuen Höchststand.", "example_back": "National debt reached a new record high."},
    {"front": "die Strafmilderung", "back": "mitigation of sentence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 168, "example_front": "Sein Geständnis führte zu einer Strafmilderung.", "example_back": "His confession led to a mitigation of sentence."},
    {"front": "die Meta-Analyse", "back": "meta-analysis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 169, "example_front": "Die Meta-Analyse fasste über fünfzig Einzelstudien zusammen.", "example_back": "The meta-analysis summarized over fifty individual studies."},
    {"front": "die Textur", "back": "texture (art/literary style)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 170, "example_front": "Die sprachliche Textur des Romans ist ungewöhnlich dicht.", "example_back": "The linguistic texture of the novel is unusually dense."},
    {"front": "die Bindungsangst", "back": "fear of commitment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 171, "example_front": "Seine Bindungsangst erschwert jede feste Beziehung.", "example_back": "His fear of commitment complicates every serious relationship."},
    {"front": "die Standortverlagerung", "back": "relocation (of a business site)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 172, "example_front": "Die Standortverlagerung kostete Hunderte Arbeitsplätze.", "example_back": "The relocation cost hundreds of jobs."},
    {"front": "die Skandalgeschichte", "back": "scandal story", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 173, "example_front": "Die Skandalgeschichte dominierte tagelang die Schlagzeilen.", "example_back": "The scandal story dominated the headlines for days."},
    {"front": "die Meeresspiegelerhöhung", "back": "sea-level rise", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 174, "example_front": "Die Meeresspiegelerhöhung bedroht tief liegende Küstenstädte.", "example_back": "Sea-level rise threatens low-lying coastal cities."},
    {"front": "die Schnittstellenkompatibilität", "back": "interface compatibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 175, "example_front": "Die Schnittstellenkompatibilität zwischen den Geräten war mangelhaft.", "example_back": "Interface compatibility between the devices was poor."},
    {"front": "die Zwangsläufigkeit des Fortschritts", "back": "inevitability of progress (fixed phrase, philosophical)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 176, "example_front": "Er zweifelte an der Zwangsläufigkeit des Fortschritts.", "example_back": "He doubted the inevitability of progress."},
    {"front": "vonstattengehen", "back": "to take place / proceed (formal, upgrades \"passieren\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 177, "example_front": "Die Verhandlungen gingen reibungslos vonstatten.", "example_back": "The negotiations proceeded smoothly."},
    {"front": "die Bündnispolitik", "back": "alliance politics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 178, "example_front": "Die Bündnispolitik der Regierung wurde neu ausgerichtet.", "example_back": "The government's alliance politics were realigned."},
    {"front": "die Unterlassung", "back": "omission / failure to act (legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 179, "example_front": "Er haftet auch für eine bloße Unterlassung.", "example_back": "He is also liable for a mere omission."},
    {"front": "die Störvariable", "back": "confounding variable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 180, "example_front": "Eine unentdeckte Störvariable verzerrte die Ergebnisse.", "example_back": "An undetected confounding variable skewed the results."},
    {"front": "die Konnotation", "back": "connotation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 181, "example_front": "Das Wort trägt eine negative Konnotation.", "example_back": "The word carries a negative connotation."},
    {"front": "die Trennungsangst", "back": "separation anxiety", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 182, "example_front": "Trennungsangst zeigt sich schon bei kleinen Kindern.", "example_back": "Separation anxiety shows up even in small children."},
    {"front": "die Zahlungsunfähigkeit", "back": "insolvency (inability to pay)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 183, "example_front": "Die Zahlungsunfähigkeit zwang das Unternehmen zur Schließung.", "example_back": "The insolvency forced the company to close."},
    {"front": "die Klickzahlen", "back": "click numbers / click-through metrics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 184, "example_front": "Reißerische Titel sollen die Klickzahlen steigern.", "example_back": "Sensational headlines are meant to boost click numbers."},
    {"front": "die Gletscherschmelze", "back": "glacial melt", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 185, "example_front": "Die Gletscherschmelze beschleunigt sich von Jahr zu Jahr.", "example_back": "The glacial melt is accelerating year by year."},
    {"front": "die Systemarchitektur", "back": "system architecture", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 186, "example_front": "Die Systemarchitektur wurde grundlegend überarbeitet.", "example_back": "The system architecture was fundamentally reworked."},
    {"front": "die Beliebtheitsskala", "back": "popularity scale (abstract measure)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 187, "example_front": "Auf der Beliebtheitsskala rangiert er weit oben.", "example_back": "On the popularity scale, he ranks very high."},
    {"front": "vonseiten", "back": "on the part of (formal, upgrades \"von\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 188, "example_front": "Vonseiten der Regierung kam bislang keine Stellungnahme.", "example_back": "There has been no statement so far on the part of the government."},
    {"front": "die Koalitionsverhandlung", "back": "coalition negotiation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 189, "example_front": "Die Koalitionsverhandlungen zogen sich über Wochen hin.", "example_back": "The coalition negotiations dragged on for weeks."},
    {"front": "die Strafverfolgung", "back": "criminal prosecution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 190, "example_front": "Die Strafverfolgung wurde nach neuen Beweisen wieder aufgenommen.", "example_back": "Criminal prosecution was resumed after new evidence emerged."},
    {"front": "die Placebokontrolle", "back": "placebo control", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 191, "example_front": "Ohne Placebokontrolle wäre die Studie wenig aussagekräftig.", "example_back": "Without placebo control, the study would carry little weight."},
    {"front": "die Bildsprache", "back": "visual/pictorial language (art)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 192, "example_front": "Die Bildsprache des Films erinnert an alte Gemälde.", "example_back": "The film's visual language recalls old paintings."},
    {"front": "die Versagensangst", "back": "fear of failure", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 193, "example_front": "Versagensangst hielt sie lange von der Bewerbung ab.", "example_back": "Fear of failure kept her from applying for a long time."},
    {"front": "die Kostenexplosion", "back": "cost explosion / runaway costs", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 194, "example_front": "Die Kostenexplosion beim Bauprojekt sorgte für Empörung.", "example_back": "The cost explosion in the construction project caused outrage."},
    {"front": "die Faktenprüfung", "back": "fact-checking", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 195, "example_front": "Die Faktenprüfung widerlegte mehrere Behauptungen des Artikels.", "example_back": "The fact-checking disproved several claims in the article."},
    {"front": "die Plastikverschmutzung", "back": "plastic pollution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 196, "example_front": "Die Plastikverschmutzung der Meere nimmt bedrohliche Ausmaße an.", "example_back": "Plastic pollution of the oceans is reaching alarming levels."},
    {"front": "die Ausfallsicherheit", "back": "failover reliability / resilience (systems)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 197, "example_front": "Die Ausfallsicherheit des Rechenzentrums wurde deutlich verbessert.", "example_back": "The data center's failover reliability was significantly improved."},
    {"front": "die Unwägbarkeit", "back": "imponderable / unpredictable factor", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 198, "example_front": "Politische Unwägbarkeiten erschweren jede Prognose.", "example_back": "Political imponderables make any forecast difficult."},
    {"front": "anheimstellen", "back": "to leave (a decision) up to someone (archaic-formal, upgrades \"überlassen\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 199, "example_front": "Ich stelle es Ihnen anheim, wie Sie vorgehen möchten.", "example_back": "I leave it up to you how you wish to proceed."},
    {"front": "die Blockbildung", "back": "bloc formation (geopolitics)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 200, "example_front": "Die neue Blockbildung erinnert manche an den Kalten Krieg.", "example_back": "The new bloc formation reminds some of the Cold War."},
    {"front": "die Beweisaufnahme", "back": "taking of evidence (trial)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 201, "example_front": "Die Beweisaufnahme dauerte den ganzen Tag.", "example_back": "The taking of evidence lasted the whole day."},
    {"front": "die Publikationsbias", "back": "publication bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 202, "example_front": "Die Publikationsbias verzerrt das Bild der Forschungslage.", "example_back": "Publication bias distorts the overall picture of the research."},
    {"front": "die Bildhauerei", "back": "sculpture (the art form)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 203, "example_front": "Die Bildhauerei der Renaissance beeinflusst Künstler bis heute.", "example_back": "Renaissance sculpture influences artists to this day."},
    {"front": "die Entfremdung", "back": "alienation (interpersonal/social)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 204, "example_front": "Die Entfremdung zwischen den Geschwistern wuchs über Jahre.", "example_back": "The alienation between the siblings grew over the years."},
    {"front": "die Preisbindung", "back": "price fixing / resale price maintenance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 205, "example_front": "Die Preisbindung bei Büchern ist in Deutschland gesetzlich geregelt.", "example_back": "Price fixing for books is regulated by law in Germany."},
    {"front": "die Empörungswelle", "back": "wave of outrage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 206, "example_front": "Der Kommentar löste eine Empörungswelle im Netz aus.", "example_back": "The comment triggered a wave of outrage online."},
    {"front": "die Korallenbleiche", "back": "coral bleaching", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 207, "example_front": "Die Korallenbleiche hat sich in den letzten Jahren verschlimmert.", "example_back": "Coral bleaching has worsened in recent years."},
    {"front": "die Serverauslastung", "back": "server load", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 208, "example_front": "Die Serverauslastung erreichte während des Livestreams ihren Höhepunkt.", "example_back": "Server load peaked during the livestream."},
    {"front": "die Willensfreiheit", "back": "free will", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 209, "example_front": "Die Debatte über Willensfreiheit ist so alt wie die Philosophie selbst.", "example_back": "The debate over free will is as old as philosophy itself."},
    {"front": "zwecks", "back": "for the purpose of (formal preposition, upgrades \"um … zu\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 210, "example_front": "Er reiste zwecks Weiterbildung nach Berlin.", "example_back": "He traveled to Berlin for the purpose of further training."},
    {"front": "die Souveränität", "back": "sovereignty", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 211, "example_front": "Das Land verteidigt entschieden seine Souveränität.", "example_back": "The country firmly defends its sovereignty."},
    {"front": "die Klageschrift", "back": "written complaint / statement of claim", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 212, "example_front": "Die Klageschrift umfasste über hundert Seiten.", "example_back": "The statement of claim ran to over a hundred pages."},
    {"front": "die Datenmodellierung", "back": "data modeling", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 213, "example_front": "Die Datenmodellierung half, den Trend vorherzusagen.", "example_back": "Data modeling helped predict the trend."},
    {"front": "die Bühnenbildnerei", "back": "stage/set design (craft)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 214, "example_front": "Die Bühnenbildnerei prägte den Gesamteindruck der Inszenierung.", "example_back": "The stage design shaped the overall impression of the production."},
    {"front": "die Selbstwahrnehmung", "back": "self-perception", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 215, "example_front": "Seine Selbstwahrnehmung weicht stark von der Außenwahrnehmung ab.", "example_back": "His self-perception differs greatly from how others see him."},
    {"front": "die Umsatzeinbuße", "back": "loss of revenue", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 216, "example_front": "Der Streik führte zu erheblichen Umsatzeinbußen.", "example_back": "The strike led to significant losses of revenue."},
    {"front": "die Quotenjagd", "back": "chasing ratings", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 217, "example_front": "Kritiker werfen dem Sender reine Quotenjagd vor.", "example_back": "Critics accuse the channel of merely chasing ratings."},
    {"front": "die Insektensterben", "back": "insect die-off", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 218, "example_front": "Das Insektensterben gefährdet ganze Ökosysteme.", "example_back": "The insect die-off endangers entire ecosystems."},
    {"front": "die Lastverteilung", "back": "load balancing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 219, "example_front": "Die Lastverteilung zwischen den Servern funktionierte reibungslos.", "example_back": "The load balancing between the servers worked smoothly."},
    {"front": "die Unwiederbringlichkeit", "back": "irretrievability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 220, "example_front": "Die Unwiederbringlichkeit der verlorenen Zeit belastete ihn.", "example_back": "The irretrievability of the lost time weighed on him."},
    {"front": "letztlich", "back": "ultimately / in the end (formal, upgrades \"am Ende\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 221, "example_front": "Letztlich entschied sich der Vorstand gegen die Fusion.", "example_back": "Ultimately, the board decided against the merger."},
    {"front": "die Parteispende", "back": "political donation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 222, "example_front": "Die Parteispende sorgte für einen politischen Skandal.", "example_back": "The political donation caused a political scandal."},
    {"front": "das Rechtsgutachten", "back": "legal opinion / expert legal report", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 223, "example_front": "Das Rechtsgutachten stützte die Position des Klägers.", "example_back": "The legal opinion supported the plaintiff's position."},
    {"front": "die Laborbedingungen", "back": "laboratory conditions", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 224, "example_front": "Unter Laborbedingungen zeigte sich ein anderes Ergebnis.", "example_back": "Under laboratory conditions, a different result emerged."},
    {"front": "die Farbdramaturgie", "back": "color dramaturgy (deliberate use of color in a work)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 225, "example_front": "Die Farbdramaturgie des Films unterstreicht die Stimmung jeder Szene.", "example_back": "The film's color dramaturgy underscores the mood of every scene."},
    {"front": "die Eifersuchtswahn", "back": "pathological jealousy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 226, "example_front": "Sein Eifersuchtswahn zerstörte am Ende die Beziehung.", "example_back": "His pathological jealousy ultimately destroyed the relationship."},
    {"front": "die Standortpolitik", "back": "business-location policy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 227, "example_front": "Die Standortpolitik der Regierung soll Investoren anlocken.", "example_back": "The government's business-location policy aims to attract investors."},
    {"front": "die Skandalberichterstattung", "back": "scandal coverage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 228, "example_front": "Die Skandalberichterstattung überschattete alle anderen Themen.", "example_back": "The scandal coverage overshadowed all other topics."},
    {"front": "die Grundwasserverschmutzung", "back": "groundwater contamination", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 229, "example_front": "Die Grundwasserverschmutzung wurde erst spät entdeckt.", "example_back": "The groundwater contamination was discovered only belatedly."},
    {"front": "die Verschlüsselungstechnik", "back": "encryption technology", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 230, "example_front": "Neue Verschlüsselungstechnik soll die Daten besser schützen.", "example_back": "New encryption technology is meant to better protect the data."},
    {"front": "die Unabänderlichkeit", "back": "immutability / unalterability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 231, "example_front": "Die Unabänderlichkeit des Vertrags überraschte beide Seiten.", "example_back": "The immutability of the contract surprised both sides."},
    {"front": "unlängst", "back": "recently (formal, upgrades \"vor Kurzem\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 232, "example_front": "Unlängst wurde ein neues Gesetz verabschiedet.", "example_back": "A new law was recently passed."},
    {"front": "die Interessenvertretung", "back": "interest representation / advocacy group", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 233, "example_front": "Die Interessenvertretung der Mieter forderte niedrigere Mieten.", "example_back": "The tenants' advocacy group demanded lower rents."},
    {"front": "die Zeugenaussage", "back": "witness testimony", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 234, "example_front": "Die Zeugenaussage widersprach der offiziellen Version.", "example_back": "The witness testimony contradicted the official version."},
    {"front": "die Populationsdynamik", "back": "population dynamics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 235, "example_front": "Die Populationsdynamik der Art wird seit Jahren beobachtet.", "example_back": "The population dynamics of the species have been observed for years."},
    {"front": "die Klangfarbe", "back": "timbre / tone color", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 236, "example_front": "Die Klangfarbe der Oboe verleiht dem Stück Wärme.", "example_back": "The oboe's timbre gives the piece warmth."},
    {"front": "die Anpassungsstörung", "back": "adjustment disorder", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 237, "example_front": "Nach dem Umzug entwickelte er eine leichte Anpassungsstörung.", "example_back": "After the move, he developed a mild adjustment disorder."},
    {"front": "die Preisabsprache", "back": "price collusion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 238, "example_front": "Die Preisabsprache zwischen den Firmen wurde vom Kartellamt aufgedeckt.", "example_back": "The price collusion between the companies was uncovered by the antitrust authority."},
    {"front": "die Meinungsvielfalt", "back": "diversity of opinion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 239, "example_front": "Die Meinungsvielfalt in den Medien nimmt spürbar ab.", "example_back": "Diversity of opinion in the media is noticeably declining."},
    {"front": "die Wasserknappheit", "back": "water scarcity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 240, "example_front": "Die Wasserknappheit zwingt Bauern zum Umdenken.", "example_back": "Water scarcity is forcing farmers to rethink their practices."},
    {"front": "die Firmware", "back": "firmware", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 241, "example_front": "Ein Firmware-Update behob mehrere Sicherheitslücken.", "example_back": "A firmware update fixed several security vulnerabilities."},
    {"front": "die Unergründlichkeit", "back": "unfathomability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 242, "example_front": "Die Unergründlichkeit seines Charakters faszinierte sie.", "example_back": "The unfathomability of his character fascinated her."},
    {"front": "vordem", "back": "formerly / before that (archaic-formal, upgrades \"früher\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 243, "example_front": "Vordem war das Gebäude ein Kloster.", "example_back": "Formerly, the building was a monastery."},
    {"front": "die Staatsräson", "back": "reason of state", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 244, "example_front": "Die Entscheidung wurde mit Staatsräson begründet.", "example_back": "The decision was justified by reason of state."},
    {"front": "die Rechtsmittelbelehrung", "back": "notice of right to appeal", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 245, "example_front": "Der Bescheid enthielt eine fehlerhafte Rechtsmittelbelehrung.", "example_back": "The notice contained a faulty notice of right to appeal."},
    {"front": "die Langzeitstudie", "back": "longitudinal study", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 246, "example_front": "Die Langzeitstudie begleitete die Teilnehmer über zwanzig Jahre.", "example_back": "The longitudinal study followed participants for twenty years."},
    {"front": "die Bildkomposition", "back": "pictorial composition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 247, "example_front": "Die Bildkomposition lenkt den Blick sofort auf die Mitte.", "example_back": "The pictorial composition immediately draws the eye to the center."},
    {"front": "die Angststörung", "back": "anxiety disorder", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 248, "example_front": "Eine unbehandelte Angststörung kann den Alltag stark einschränken.", "example_back": "An untreated anxiety disorder can severely limit daily life."},
    {"front": "die Standortentscheidung", "back": "location decision (business siting)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 249, "example_front": "Die Standortentscheidung fiel letztlich zugunsten von Leipzig.", "example_back": "The location decision ultimately favored Leipzig."},
    {"front": "die Nachrichtenlage", "back": "state of the news / current news situation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 250, "example_front": "Die Nachrichtenlage änderte sich innerhalb weniger Stunden.", "example_back": "The news situation changed within a few hours."},
    {"front": "die Bodenverdichtung", "back": "soil compaction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 251, "example_front": "Die Bodenverdichtung durch schwere Maschinen schadet den Wurzeln.", "example_back": "Soil compaction from heavy machinery damages the roots."},
    {"front": "die Datenmigration", "back": "data migration", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 252, "example_front": "Die Datenmigration verlief ohne nennenswerte Probleme.", "example_back": "The data migration went without significant issues."},
    {"front": "die Unauflösbarkeit", "back": "insolubility / irresolvability (of a conflict/problem)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 253, "example_front": "Die Unauflösbarkeit des Konflikts frustrierte alle Beteiligten.", "example_back": "The irresolvability of the conflict frustrated everyone involved."},
    {"front": "sonach", "back": "thus / accordingly (archaic-formal, upgrades \"also\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 254, "example_front": "Sonach war der Antrag abzulehnen.", "example_back": "Accordingly, the motion had to be rejected."},
    {"front": "die Regierungsumbildung", "back": "cabinet reshuffle", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 255, "example_front": "Die Regierungsumbildung überraschte selbst Insider.", "example_back": "The cabinet reshuffle surprised even insiders."},
    {"front": "die Gewahrsamnahme", "back": "taking into custody", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 256, "example_front": "Die Gewahrsamnahme dauerte nur wenige Stunden.", "example_back": "The taking into custody lasted only a few hours."},
    {"front": "die Probandengruppe", "back": "test-subject group / cohort", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 257, "example_front": "Die Probandengruppe bestand aus fünfzig Freiwilligen.", "example_back": "The test-subject group consisted of fifty volunteers."},
    {"front": "die Erzählperspektive", "back": "narrative perspective / point of view", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 258, "example_front": "Die Erzählperspektive wechselt mehrfach im Roman.", "example_back": "The narrative perspective shifts several times in the novel."},
    {"front": "die Schuldgefühle", "back": "feelings of guilt", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 259, "example_front": "Ihre Schuldgefühle ließen sie nachts nicht schlafen.", "example_back": "Her feelings of guilt kept her from sleeping at night."},
    {"front": "die Umsatzprognose", "back": "revenue forecast", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 260, "example_front": "Die Umsatzprognose wurde für das kommende Jahr gesenkt.", "example_back": "The revenue forecast was lowered for the coming year."},
    {"front": "die Sensationsgier", "back": "hunger for sensationalism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 261, "example_front": "Die Sensationsgier mancher Boulevardblätter kennt kaum Grenzen.", "example_back": "The hunger for sensationalism at some tabloids knows few limits."},
    {"front": "die Permafrostschmelze", "back": "permafrost thaw", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 262, "example_front": "Die Permafrostschmelze setzt zusätzliches Methan frei.", "example_back": "Permafrost thaw releases additional methane."},
    {"front": "die Cloud-Infrastruktur", "back": "cloud infrastructure", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 263, "example_front": "Die Cloud-Infrastruktur musste kurzfristig erweitert werden.", "example_back": "The cloud infrastructure had to be expanded on short notice."},
    {"front": "die Unvereinbarkeit", "back": "incompatibility (of principles/interests)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 264, "example_front": "Die Unvereinbarkeit beider Positionen schien offensichtlich.", "example_back": "The incompatibility of both positions seemed obvious."},
    {"front": "seinerzeit", "back": "at the time / back then (formal, upgrades \"damals\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 265, "example_front": "Seinerzeit galt diese Meinung als radikal.", "example_back": "At the time, this opinion was considered radical."},
    {"front": "die Verhandlungsmasse", "back": "bargaining chips / negotiable items", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 266, "example_front": "Die Grenzfrage wurde zur reinen Verhandlungsmasse.", "example_back": "The border question became a mere bargaining chip."},
    {"front": "die Vertragsstrafe", "back": "contractual penalty", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 267, "example_front": "Bei Verzug wird eine Vertragsstrafe fällig.", "example_back": "A contractual penalty becomes due in case of delay."},
    {"front": "die Effektgröße", "back": "effect size (statistics)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 268, "example_front": "Die Effektgröße war kleiner als ursprünglich angenommen.", "example_back": "The effect size was smaller than originally assumed."},
    {"front": "die Formsprache", "back": "formal/visual vocabulary (design/architecture)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 269, "example_front": "Die klare Formsprache des Gebäudes wirkt zeitlos.", "example_back": "The building's clear formal vocabulary feels timeless."},
    {"front": "die Kränkbarkeit", "back": "sensitivity to slights / proneness to feeling hurt", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 270, "example_front": "Seine Kränkbarkeit erschwerte jede offene Diskussion.", "example_back": "His sensitivity to slights made any open discussion difficult."},
    {"front": "die Kostentransparenz", "back": "cost transparency", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 271, "example_front": "Mehr Kostentransparenz sollte das Vertrauen der Kunden stärken.", "example_back": "Greater cost transparency was meant to strengthen customer trust."},
    {"front": "die Themensetzung", "back": "agenda-setting (media)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 272, "example_front": "Die Themensetzung der Redaktion beeinflusst die öffentliche Debatte.", "example_back": "The editorial team's agenda-setting influences public debate."},
    {"front": "die Überfischung", "back": "overfishing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 273, "example_front": "Überfischung hat die Bestände mancher Arten drastisch reduziert.", "example_back": "Overfishing has drastically reduced the populations of some species."},
    {"front": "die Ausfallzeit", "back": "downtime", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 274, "example_front": "Die Ausfallzeit des Servers kostete das Unternehmen viel Geld.", "example_back": "The server's downtime cost the company a lot of money."},
    {"front": "die Unantastbarkeit", "back": "inviolability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 275, "example_front": "Die Unantastbarkeit der Menschenwürde ist im Grundgesetz verankert.", "example_back": "The inviolability of human dignity is enshrined in the constitution."},
    {"front": "dermaßen", "back": "to such an extent / so (formal, upgrades \"so sehr\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 276, "example_front": "Er war dermaßen erschöpft, dass er sofort einschlief.", "example_back": "He was so exhausted that he fell asleep instantly."},
    {"front": "die Regierungsbeteiligung", "back": "participation in government / coalition membership", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 277, "example_front": "Die Partei strebt seit Jahren eine Regierungsbeteiligung an.", "example_back": "The party has been seeking participation in government for years."},
    {"front": "die Beweiswürdigung", "back": "evaluation of evidence (by a court)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 278, "example_front": "Die Beweiswürdigung des Gerichts wurde in der Berufung angefochten.", "example_back": "The court's evaluation of evidence was challenged on appeal."},
    {"front": "die Grundlagenforschung", "back": "basic research", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 279, "example_front": "Grundlagenforschung liefert selten sofort verwertbare Ergebnisse.", "example_back": "Basic research rarely yields immediately usable results."},
    {"front": "die Stilrichtung", "back": "stylistic movement / genre", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 280, "example_front": "Der Expressionismus war eine einflussreiche Stilrichtung.", "example_back": "Expressionism was an influential stylistic movement."},
    {"front": "die Wutbewältigung", "back": "anger management", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 281, "example_front": "Ein Kurs zur Wutbewältigung half ihm sehr.", "example_back": "An anger-management course helped him a great deal."},
    {"front": "die Vertriebsstrategie", "back": "sales strategy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 282, "example_front": "Die neue Vertriebsstrategie zielt auf jüngere Kunden ab.", "example_back": "The new sales strategy targets younger customers."},
    {"front": "die Skandalaufdeckung", "back": "scandal exposure / uncovering of a scandal", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 283, "example_front": "Die Skandalaufdeckung brachte den Minister zu Fall.", "example_back": "The exposure of the scandal brought down the minister."},
    {"front": "die Bodenversiegelung", "back": "soil sealing (urban development)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 284, "example_front": "Die zunehmende Bodenversiegelung verschärft Überschwemmungen.", "example_back": "Increasing soil sealing worsens flooding."},
    {"front": "die Quelloffenheit", "back": "openness of source (open-source nature)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 285, "example_front": "Die Quelloffenheit der Software fördert das Vertrauen der Nutzer.", "example_back": "The software's open-source nature fosters user trust."},
    {"front": "die Unbestimmtheit", "back": "indeterminacy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 286, "example_front": "Die Unbestimmtheit des Begriffs erschwert eine klare Definition.", "example_back": "The indeterminacy of the term makes a clear definition difficult."},
    {"front": "allenthalben", "back": "everywhere (archaic-literary, upgrades \"überall\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 287, "example_front": "Allenthalben war Skepsis gegenüber der Reform zu spüren.", "example_back": "Skepticism toward the reform could be felt everywhere."},
    {"front": "die Grenzziehung", "back": "drawing of boundaries (political/conceptual)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 288, "example_front": "Die Grenzziehung zwischen beiden Ländern bleibt umstritten.", "example_back": "The drawing of the border between the two countries remains contentious."},
    {"front": "die Rechtsunsicherheit", "back": "legal uncertainty", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 289, "example_front": "Die Rechtsunsicherheit schreckt viele Investoren ab.", "example_back": "Legal uncertainty deters many investors."},
    {"front": "die Beobachtungsstudie", "back": "observational study", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 290, "example_front": "Die Beobachtungsstudie lieferte lediglich Korrelationsdaten.", "example_back": "The observational study only provided correlational data."},
    {"front": "die Bildhaftigkeit", "back": "vividness / pictorial quality (of language)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 291, "example_front": "Die Bildhaftigkeit seiner Sprache begeistert die Leser.", "example_back": "The vividness of his language delights readers."},
    {"front": "die Anerkennungsbedürftigkeit", "back": "need for validation / recognition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 292, "example_front": "Seine Anerkennungsbedürftigkeit trieb ihn zu immer neuen Projekten.", "example_back": "His need for validation drove him to ever-new projects."},
    {"front": "die Absatzzahlen", "back": "sales figures", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 293, "example_front": "Die Absatzzahlen brachen im dritten Quartal ein.", "example_back": "Sales figures collapsed in the third quarter."},
    {"front": "die Nachrichtenmüdigkeit", "back": "news fatigue", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 294, "example_front": "Immer mehr Menschen berichten von Nachrichtenmüdigkeit.", "example_back": "More and more people report experiencing news fatigue."},
    {"front": "die Lichtverschmutzung", "back": "light pollution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 295, "example_front": "Lichtverschmutzung erschwert Astronomen die Arbeit erheblich.", "example_back": "Light pollution significantly hinders the work of astronomers."},
    {"front": "die Betriebssicherheit", "back": "operational safety / reliability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 296, "example_front": "Die Betriebssicherheit der Anlage wird jährlich geprüft.", "example_back": "The plant's operational safety is inspected annually."},
    {"front": "die Unergiebigkeit", "back": "unproductiveness / fruitlessness (of an approach)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 297, "example_front": "Die Unergiebigkeit der Debatte frustrierte alle Teilnehmer.", "example_back": "The fruitlessness of the debate frustrated all participants."},
    {"front": "vorderhand", "back": "for the time being (formal, upgrades \"vorerst\")", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 298, "example_front": "Vorderhand bleibt die Lage unverändert.", "example_back": "For the time being, the situation remains unchanged."},
    {"front": "die Realpolitik", "back": "realpolitik / pragmatic politics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 299, "example_front": "Er rechtfertigte den Kompromiss mit den Zwängen der Realpolitik.", "example_back": "He justified the compromise with the constraints of realpolitik."},
    {"front": "die Vertragsauflösung", "back": "contract termination / dissolution", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 300, "example_front": "Die Vertragsauflösung erfolgte einvernehmlich.", "example_back": "The contract termination took place by mutual agreement."}
  ]
}