{
  "name": "Japanese Passive, Causative & Causative-Passive Verbs (B2)",
  "front_language": "Japanese",
  "back_language": "English",
  "cards": [
    { "front": "行かれる (ikareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to have someone go, to one's inconvenience (adversative passive)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "iku"], "example_front": "友達に先に行かれて、がっかりした。", "example_back": "I was disappointed because my friend went on ahead without me." },
    { "front": "行かれます (ikaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to have someone go, to one's inconvenience (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "iku"], "example_front": "子供に一人で行かれますと、心配です。", "example_back": "It worries me when my child goes off alone." },

    { "front": "食べられる (taberareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be eaten", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "taberu"], "example_front": "このケーキはもう食べられた。", "example_back": "This cake has already been eaten." },
    { "front": "食べられます (taberaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be eaten (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "taberu"], "example_front": "そのパンはもう食べられました。", "example_back": "That bread has already been eaten." },

    { "front": "飲まれる (nomareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be drunk", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "nomu"], "example_front": "このワインはパーティーで飲まれた。", "example_back": "This wine was drunk at the party." },
    { "front": "飲まれます (nomaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be drunk (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "nomu"], "example_front": "ここでは緑茶がよく飲まれます。", "example_back": "Green tea is often drunk here." },

    { "front": "話される (hanasareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be spoken", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "hanasu"], "example_front": "この国では三つの言語が話される。", "example_back": "Three languages are spoken in this country." },
    { "front": "話されます (hanasaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be spoken (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "hanasu"], "example_front": "会議で新しい計画が話されます。", "example_back": "The new plan will be discussed at the meeting." },

    { "front": "される (sareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be done", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "suru"], "example_front": "この仕事はすぐにされるだろう。", "example_back": "This work will probably be done soon." },
    { "front": "されます (saremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be done (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "suru"], "example_front": "会議は来週されます。", "example_back": "The meeting will be held next week." },

    { "front": "住まれる (sumareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to have someone live (nearby), to one's inconvenience (adversative passive)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "sumu"], "example_front": "隣にうるさい人に住まれて困っている。", "example_back": "I'm troubled because a noisy person lives next door." },
    { "front": "住まれます (sumaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to have someone live nearby, to one's inconvenience (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "sumu"], "example_front": "そんな人に近所に住まれますと、困ります。", "example_back": "It's troubling to have such a person live in the neighborhood." },

    { "front": "見られる (mirareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be seen / watched", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "miru"], "example_front": "その映画は世界中で見られている。", "example_back": "That movie is watched all over the world." },
    { "front": "見られます (miraremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be seen / watched (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "miru"], "example_front": "この番組はオンラインでも見られます。", "example_back": "This show can also be watched online." },

    { "front": "書かれる (kakareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be written", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "kaku"], "example_front": "この手紙は日本語で書かれた。", "example_back": "This letter was written in Japanese." },
    { "front": "書かれます (kakaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be written (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "kaku"], "example_front": "レポートは来週までに書かれます。", "example_back": "The report will be written by next week." },

    { "front": "読まれる (yomareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be read", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "yomu"], "example_front": "この本は世界中で読まれている。", "example_back": "This book is read all over the world." },
    { "front": "読まれます (yomaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be read (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "yomu"], "example_front": "このニュースはよく読まれます。", "example_back": "This news is often read." },

    { "front": "買われる (kawareru) — plain, passive", "back": "to be bought", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "kau"], "example_front": "この車は多くの人に買われた。", "example_back": "This car was bought by many people." },
    { "front": "買われます (kawaremasu) — polite, passive", "back": "to be bought (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "passive", "kau"], "example_front": "この商品はよく買われます。", "example_back": "This product is often bought." },

    { "front": "行かせる (ikaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) go", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "iku"], "example_front": "母は子供を学校に行かせる。", "example_back": "The mother makes her child go to school." },
    { "front": "行かせます (ikasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let go (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "iku"], "example_front": "先生は生徒を家に行かせます。", "example_back": "The teacher lets the students go home." },

    { "front": "食べさせる (tabesaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) eat", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "taberu"], "example_front": "母は子供に野菜を食べさせる。", "example_back": "The mother makes her child eat vegetables." },
    { "front": "食べさせます (tabesasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let eat (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "taberu"], "example_front": "先生は生徒にお弁当を食べさせます。", "example_back": "The teacher lets the students eat their lunch." },

    { "front": "飲ませる (nomaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) drink", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "nomu"], "example_front": "医者は患者に薬を飲ませる。", "example_back": "The doctor makes the patient take the medicine." },
    { "front": "飲ませます (nomasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let drink (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "nomu"], "example_front": "母は子供に牛乳を飲ませます。", "example_back": "The mother has her child drink milk." },

    { "front": "話させる (hanasaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) speak", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "hanasu"], "example_front": "先生は学生に意見を話させる。", "example_back": "The teacher has the students share their opinions." },
    { "front": "話させます (hanasasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let speak (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "hanasu"], "example_front": "上司は新人に自己紹介を話させます。", "example_back": "The boss has the new employee introduce themselves." },

    { "front": "させる (saseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) do", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "suru"], "example_front": "先生は生徒に宿題をさせる。", "example_back": "The teacher makes the students do their homework." },
    { "front": "させます (sasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let do (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "suru"], "example_front": "上司は部下に仕事をさせます。", "example_back": "The boss has the subordinate do the work." },

    { "front": "住ませる (sumaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) live (somewhere)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "sumu"], "example_front": "会社は社員を寮に住ませる。", "example_back": "The company has its employees live in the dormitory." },
    { "front": "住ませます (sumasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let live (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "sumu"], "example_front": "大学は留学生を寮に住ませます。", "example_back": "The university has international students live in the dorm." },

    { "front": "見させる (misaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) see / watch", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "miru"], "example_front": "先生は生徒にビデオを見させる。", "example_back": "The teacher has the students watch a video." },
    { "front": "見させます (misasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let watch (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "miru"], "example_front": "親は子供にニュースを見させます。", "example_back": "The parents have their child watch the news." },

    { "front": "書かせる (kakaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) write", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "kaku"], "example_front": "先生は生徒に作文を書かせる。", "example_back": "The teacher has the students write an essay." },
    { "front": "書かせます (kakasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let write (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "kaku"], "example_front": "上司は部下に報告書を書かせます。", "example_back": "The boss has the subordinate write the report." },

    { "front": "読ませる (yomaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) read", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "yomu"], "example_front": "先生は生徒に本を読ませる。", "example_back": "The teacher has the students read a book." },
    { "front": "読ませます (yomasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let read (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "yomu"], "example_front": "母は子供に絵本を読ませます。", "example_back": "The mother has her child read a picture book." },

    { "front": "買わせる (kawaseru) — plain, causative", "back": "to make/let (someone) buy", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "kau"], "example_front": "親は子供に必要な物を買わせる。", "example_back": "The parents let their child buy what they need." },
    { "front": "買わせます (kawasemasu) — polite, causative", "back": "to make/let buy (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative", "kau"], "example_front": "会社は社員に制服を買わせます。", "example_back": "The company has the employees buy uniforms." },

    { "front": "行かせられる／行かされる (ikaserareru / ikasareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to go", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "iku"], "example_front": "行きたくなかったが、会議に行かされた。", "example_back": "I didn't want to go, but I was made to attend the meeting." },
    { "front": "行かせられます／行かされます (ikaseraremasu / ikasaremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to go (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "iku"], "example_front": "残業で遅くまで会社に行かせられます。", "example_back": "I'm made to go to the office late because of overtime." },

    { "front": "食べさせられる (tabesaserareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to eat", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "taberu"], "example_front": "嫌いな野菜を食べさせられた。", "example_back": "I was made to eat vegetables I dislike." },
    { "front": "食べさせられます (tabesaseraremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to eat (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "taberu"], "example_front": "パーティーでたくさん食べさせられます。", "example_back": "I'm made to eat a lot at parties." },

    { "front": "飲ませられる／飲まされる (nomaserareru / nomasareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to drink", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "nomu"], "example_front": "上司にお酒を飲まされた。", "example_back": "I was made to drink alcohol by my boss." },
    { "front": "飲ませられます／飲まされます (nomaseraremasu / nomasaremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to drink (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "nomu"], "example_front": "パーティーで毎回お酒を飲まされます。", "example_back": "I'm made to drink alcohol every time at parties." },

    { "front": "話させられる (hanasaserareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to speak", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "hanasu"], "example_front": "会議で無理やり意見を話させられた。", "example_back": "I was forced to share my opinion at the meeting." },
    { "front": "話させられます (hanasaseraremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to speak (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "hanasu"], "example_front": "面接で経験を詳しく話させられます。", "example_back": "I'm made to explain my experience in detail during interviews." },

    { "front": "させられる (saserareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to do", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "suru"], "example_front": "毎週残業させられて、疲れた。", "example_back": "I was made to work overtime every week and got tired." },
    { "front": "させられます (saseraremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to do (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "suru"], "example_front": "新人はよく雑用をさせられます。", "example_back": "New employees are often made to do chores." },

    { "front": "住ませられる／住まされる (sumaserareru / sumasareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to live (somewhere)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "sumu"], "example_front": "会社の都合で田舎に住まされた。", "example_back": "I was made to live in the countryside due to company circumstances." },
    { "front": "住ませられます／住まされます (sumaseraremasu / sumasaremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to live (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "sumu"], "example_front": "転勤でまた新しい町に住まされます。", "example_back": "Because of the transfer, I'm made to live in a new town again." },

    { "front": "見させられる (misaserareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to watch", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "miru"], "example_front": "興味のない映画を見させられた。", "example_back": "I was made to watch a movie I wasn't interested in." },
    { "front": "見させられます (misaseraremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to watch (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "miru"], "example_front": "研修でたくさんのビデオを見させられます。", "example_back": "I'm made to watch a lot of videos during training." },

    { "front": "書かせられる／書かされる (kakaserareru / kakasareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to write", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "kaku"], "example_front": "毎週レポートを書かされる。", "example_back": "I'm made to write a report every week." },
    { "front": "書かせられます／書かされます (kakaseraremasu / kakasaremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to write (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "kaku"], "example_front": "研修で感想文を書かされます。", "example_back": "I'm made to write a reflection essay during training." },

    { "front": "読ませられる／読まされる (yomaserareru / yomasareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to read", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "yomu"], "example_front": "分厚い資料を読まされた。", "example_back": "I was made to read a thick document." },
    { "front": "読ませられます／読まされます (yomaseraremasu / yomasaremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to read (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "yomu"], "example_front": "新人は必ず社内規則を読まされます。", "example_back": "New employees are always made to read the company rules." },

    { "front": "買わせられる／買わされる (kawaserareru / kawasareru) — plain, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to buy", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "kau"], "example_front": "高い制服を買わされた。", "example_back": "I was made to buy an expensive uniform." },
    { "front": "買わせられます／買わされます (kawaseraremasu / kawasaremasu) — polite, causative-passive", "back": "to be made to buy (polite)", "level": "B2", "tags": ["verbs", "causative-passive", "kau"], "example_front": "会社の記念品をよく買わされます。", "example_back": "I'm often made to buy company commemorative items." }
  ]
}