{
  "name": "Japanese C1 Core Vocab",
  "front_language": "Japanese",
  "back_language": "English",
  "cards": [
    { "front": "主権 (shuken)", "back": "sovereignty", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 1, "example_front": "条約は国家の主権に影響しない。", "example_back": "The treaty doesn't affect national sovereignty." },
    { "front": "判例 (hanrei)", "back": "case law / precedent", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 2, "example_front": "この判決は新たな判例を作る。", "example_back": "This ruling sets new case law." },
    { "front": "前衛 (zen'ei)", "back": "avant-garde", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 3, "example_front": "その画家はシュルレアリスムの前衛に属していた。", "example_back": "The painter belonged to the surrealist avant-garde." },
    { "front": "回復力 (kaifukuryoku)", "back": "resilience", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 4, "example_front": "彼女は喪失の後も見事な回復力を示した。", "example_back": "She showed admirable resilience after the loss." },
    { "front": "収益性 (shuuekisei)", "back": "profitability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 5, "example_front": "事業の収益性が改善した。", "example_back": "The business's profitability has improved." },
    { "front": "誤情報 (gojouhou)", "back": "disinformation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 6, "example_front": "誤情報はSNSで急速に広がる。", "example_back": "Disinformation spreads quickly on social media." },
    { "front": "炭素排出量 (tanso haishutsuryou)", "back": "carbon footprint", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 7, "example_front": "企業は炭素排出量を削減した。", "example_back": "The company reduced its carbon footprint." },
    { "front": "機械学習 (kikai gakushuu)", "back": "machine learning", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 8, "example_front": "そのシステムは機械学習を使用している。", "example_back": "The system uses machine learning." },
    { "front": "逆説 (gyakusetsu)", "back": "paradox", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 9, "example_front": "これほど多くを知りながら理解が浅いのは逆説だ。", "example_back": "It's a paradox that we know so much yet understand so little." },
    { "front": "生じる (shoujiru)", "back": "to arise / occur (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 10, "example_front": "その問題は予期せず生じた。", "example_back": "The problem arose unexpectedly." },
    { "front": "方法論 (houhouron)", "back": "methodology", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 11, "example_front": "その研究の方法論は厳密だ。", "example_back": "The study's methodology is rigorous." },
    { "front": "突然変異 (totsuzen hen'i)", "back": "mutation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 12, "example_front": "遺伝子の突然変異は子孫に伝わる。", "example_back": "The genetic mutation is passed on to offspring." },
    { "front": "有権者 (yuukensha)", "back": "electorate", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 13, "example_front": "有権者が選挙で決める。", "example_back": "The electorate decides through the election." },
    { "front": "訴訟 (soshou)", "back": "litigation / lawsuit", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 14, "example_front": "訴訟は何年も続いた。", "example_back": "The lawsuit dragged on for years." },
    { "front": "後援 (kouen)", "back": "patronage / sponsorship", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 15, "example_front": "後援のおかげで大聖堂が完成した。", "example_back": "Patronage made it possible to finish the cathedral." },
    { "front": "不安感 (fuankan)", "back": "unease / restlessness", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 16, "example_front": "説明しがたい不安感を覚えた。", "example_back": "He felt an unease hard to explain." },
    { "front": "黒字 (kuroji)", "back": "surplus / being in the black", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 17, "example_front": "その国は貿易黒字を記録した。", "example_back": "The country recorded a trade surplus." },
    { "front": "見出し (midashi)", "back": "headline", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 18, "example_front": "見出しはニュースを誇張していた。", "example_back": "The headline exaggerated the story." },
    { "front": "流出 (ryuushutsu)", "back": "spill / leakage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 19, "example_front": "有毒物質の流出が川を汚染した。", "example_back": "The toxic spill contaminated the river." },
    { "front": "サイバーセキュリティ (saibaa sekyuriti)", "back": "cybersecurity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 20, "example_front": "彼らはサイバーセキュリティに多額を投資している。", "example_back": "They invest heavily in cybersecurity." },
    { "front": "誤謬 (gobyuu)", "back": "fallacy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 21, "example_front": "彼の主張は論理的誤謬に陥っている。", "example_back": "His argument falls into a logical fallacy." },
    { "front": "かつて (katsute)", "back": "formerly / once", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 22, "example_front": "かつて栄えたその都市は今ほとんど空だ。", "example_back": "Once prosperous, the city is now almost empty." },
    { "front": "帰無仮説 (kimu kasetsu)", "back": "null hypothesis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 23, "example_front": "彼らは帰無仮説を棄却できなかった。", "example_back": "They couldn't reject the null hypothesis." },
    { "front": "触媒 (shokubai)", "back": "catalyst", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 24, "example_front": "触媒が反応を加速させる。", "example_back": "The catalyst speeds up the reaction." },
    { "front": "統治 (touchi)", "back": "governance / rule", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 25, "example_front": "良い統治は汚職を減らす。", "example_back": "Good governance reduces corruption." },
    { "front": "出廷 (shuttei)", "back": "court appearance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 26, "example_front": "彼の出廷は明日だ。", "example_back": "His court appearance is tomorrow." },
    { "front": "画布 (gafu)", "back": "canvas", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 27, "example_front": "その画布は二メートル近くある。", "example_back": "The canvas is almost two meters wide." },
    { "front": "内省 (naisei)", "back": "introspection", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 28, "example_front": "セラピーは内省を促す。", "example_back": "Therapy encourages introspection." },
    { "front": "支払い能力 (shiharai nouryoku)", "back": "solvency", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 29, "example_front": "会社の支払い能力が疑われている。", "example_back": "The company's solvency is in doubt." },
    { "front": "特ダネ (tokudane)", "back": "scoop (news)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 30, "example_front": "その新聞は特ダネを手に入れた。", "example_back": "The newspaper got the scoop." },
    { "front": "融解 (yuukai)", "back": "thawing / melting", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 31, "example_front": "氷河の融解が科学者を心配させている。", "example_back": "The glacier's melting worries scientists." },
    { "front": "暗号化 (angouka)", "back": "encryption", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 32, "example_front": "データはエンドツーエンドの暗号化で送られる。", "example_back": "The data is sent with end-to-end encryption." },
    { "front": "二分法 (nibunhou)", "back": "dichotomy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 33, "example_front": "彼女は理性と感情の二分法を拒む。", "example_back": "She rejects the dichotomy between reason and emotion." },
    { "front": "各々 (onoono)", "back": "each / respectively (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 34, "example_front": "各々が功績に応じて賞を受け取った。", "example_back": "Each received an award according to their achievement." },
    { "front": "コーパス (koopasu)", "back": "corpus (of texts/data)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 35, "example_front": "彼らは千のテキストからなるコーパスを分析した。", "example_back": "They analyzed a corpus of a thousand texts." },
    { "front": "エントロピー (entoropii)", "back": "entropy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 36, "example_front": "孤立系のエントロピーは決して減少しない。", "example_back": "The entropy of an isolated system never decreases." },
    { "front": "任期 (ninki)", "back": "term of office / mandate", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 37, "example_front": "彼の任期は来年終わる。", "example_back": "His term ends next year." },
    { "front": "鑑定 (kantei)", "back": "expert appraisal / testimony", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 38, "example_front": "鑑定が不動産の価値を確認した。", "example_back": "The appraisal confirmed the property's value." },
    { "front": "演出 (enshutsu)", "back": "staging / direction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 39, "example_front": "演出はとても革新的だった。", "example_back": "The staging was very innovative." },
    { "front": "恨み (urami)", "back": "resentment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 40, "example_front": "彼は兄への恨みを抱いていた。", "example_back": "He held resentment toward his brother." },
    { "front": "赤字 (akaji)", "back": "deficit", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 41, "example_front": "財政赤字は拡大し続けている。", "example_back": "The fiscal deficit keeps growing." },
    { "front": "偏向 (henkou)", "back": "bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 42, "example_front": "その記事には明らかな政治的偏向がある。", "example_back": "The article shows a clear political bias." },
    { "front": "資源枯渇 (shigen kokatsu)", "back": "resource depletion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 43, "example_front": "資源枯渇がその地域を脅かしている。", "example_back": "Resource depletion threatens the region." },
    { "front": "デジタル格差 (dejitaru kakusa)", "back": "digital divide", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 44, "example_front": "デジタル格差は地方に影響を与える。", "example_back": "The digital divide affects rural areas." },
    { "front": "曖昧さ (aimaisa)", "back": "ambiguity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 45, "example_front": "その文章は曖昧さを残している。", "example_back": "The text leaves room for ambiguity." },
    { "front": "甚大 (jindai)", "back": "immense / huge (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 46, "example_front": "台風は甚大な被害をもたらした。", "example_back": "The typhoon caused immense damage." },
    { "front": "代表標本 (daihyou hyouhon)", "back": "representative sample", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 47, "example_front": "より大きな代表標本が必要だ。", "example_back": "A larger representative sample is needed." },
    { "front": "熱平衡 (netsu heikou)", "back": "thermodynamic equilibrium", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 48, "example_front": "そのシステムは熱平衡に達した。", "example_back": "The system reached thermal equilibrium." },
    { "front": "介入 (kainyuu)", "back": "intervention / interference", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 49, "example_front": "外国の介入が非難された。", "example_back": "Foreign interference was condemned." },
    { "front": "時効 (jikou)", "back": "statute of limitations", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 50, "example_front": "その犯罪はすでに時効を迎えていた。", "example_back": "The crime had already reached the statute of limitations." },
    { "front": "筆致 (hitchi)", "back": "brushstroke / style", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 51, "example_front": "彼の筆致は速く表現力に富む。", "example_back": "His brushstrokes are quick and expressive." },
    { "front": "献身 (kenshin)", "back": "self-devotion / selflessness", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 52, "example_front": "彼女の家族への献身は徹底していた。", "example_back": "Her devotion to the family was total." },
    { "front": "情勢 (jousei)", "back": "economic juncture / situation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 53, "example_front": "現在の情勢は投資に有利だ。", "example_back": "The current juncture favors investment." },
    { "front": "視聴率 (shichouritsu)", "back": "(viewing) ratings", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 54, "example_front": "その番組は今年視聴率を落とした。", "example_back": "The show lost ratings this year." },
    { "front": "砂漠化 (sabakuka)", "back": "desertification", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 55, "example_front": "南部で砂漠化が進んでいる。", "example_back": "Desertification is advancing in the south." },
    { "front": "デジタル足跡 (dejitaru ashiato)", "back": "digital footprint", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 56, "example_front": "彼はSNSでのデジタル足跡に気をつけている。", "example_back": "He's careful about his digital footprint on social media." },
    { "front": "前提 (zentei)", "back": "premise", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 57, "example_front": "その理論全体が誤った前提から出発している。", "example_back": "The whole theory starts from a flawed premise." },
    { "front": "要する (yousuru)", "back": "to require / need (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 58, "example_front": "その計画には多大な努力を要する。", "example_back": "The plan requires a great deal of effort." },
    { "front": "査読 (sadoku)", "back": "peer review", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 59, "example_front": "その論文は査読を通過した。", "example_back": "The article passed peer review." },
    { "front": "合成 (gousei)", "back": "synthesis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 60, "example_front": "タンパク質の合成にはいくつかの段階が必要だ。", "example_back": "Protein synthesis requires several steps." },
    { "front": "開票 (kaihyou)", "back": "vote counting", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 61, "example_front": "開票は未明に終わった。", "example_back": "The vote count finished before dawn." },
    { "front": "賠償 (baishou)", "back": "compensation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 62, "example_front": "被害者は損害賠償を求めた。", "example_back": "The victims demanded compensation for damages." },
    { "front": "傑作 (kessaku)", "back": "masterpiece", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 63, "example_front": "それは彼の傑作とされている。", "example_back": "It's considered his masterpiece." },
    { "front": "無関心 (mukanshin)", "back": "detachment / indifference", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 64, "example_front": "彼は感情的な無関心を実践している。", "example_back": "He practices emotional detachment." },
    { "front": "停滞 (teitai)", "back": "stagnation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 65, "example_front": "経済は長期の停滞に苦しんでいる。", "example_back": "The economy suffers a prolonged stagnation." },
    { "front": "新聞紙 (shinbunshi)", "back": "newspaper (formal term)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 66, "example_front": "地元の新聞紙は数十年を経て廃刊した。", "example_back": "The local newspaper closed after decades." },
    { "front": "埋立地 (umetatechi)", "back": "landfill", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 67, "example_front": "市の埋立地はほぼ満杯だ。", "example_back": "The municipal landfill is almost full." },
    { "front": "ビッグデータ (biggu deeta)", "back": "big data", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 68, "example_front": "彼らはビッグデータを分析して傾向を予測する。", "example_back": "They analyze big data to predict trends." },
    { "front": "推論 (suiron)", "back": "inference", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 69, "example_front": "彼はデータから危うい推論をした。", "example_back": "He made a risky inference from the data." },
    { "front": "終焉 (shuuen)", "back": "demise / end (literary)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 70, "example_front": "一つの時代の終焉を告げる出来事だった。", "example_back": "It was an event marking the end of an era." },
    { "front": "理論的枠組み (rironteki wakugumi)", "back": "theoretical framework", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 71, "example_front": "理論的枠組みは二人の著者に基づいている。", "example_back": "The theoretical framework is based on two authors." },
    { "front": "化合物 (kagoubutsu)", "back": "compound", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 72, "example_front": "彼らは新しい有機化合物を発見した。", "example_back": "They discovered a new organic compound." },
    { "front": "癒着 (yuchaku)", "back": "collusion (lit. adhesion)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 73, "example_front": "政治家と企業の癒着が疑われている。", "example_back": "Collusion between the politician and the company is suspected." },
    { "front": "特権 (tokken)", "back": "special jurisdiction / legal privilege", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 74, "example_front": "議員は自らの特権を主張した。", "example_back": "The lawmaker invoked his privilege." },
    { "front": "色合い (iroai)", "back": "nuance of color / shade", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 75, "example_front": "彼は光のあらゆる色合いを捉えた。", "example_back": "He captured every nuance of the light." },
    { "front": "自己肯定感 (jiko koutei kan)", "back": "self-esteem", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 76, "example_front": "自己肯定感を育てるには時間がかかる。", "example_back": "Building self-esteem takes time." },
    { "front": "延滞 (entai)", "back": "late payment / arrears", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 77, "example_front": "顧客の支払い延滞が銀行を悩ませている。", "example_back": "Client payment arrears worry the bank." },
    { "front": "切り口 (kiriguchi)", "back": "angle / approach (of a story)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 78, "example_front": "彼らは調査の切り口を変えた。", "example_back": "They changed the angle of the investigation." },
    { "front": "生息地復元 (seisokuchi fukugen)", "back": "habitat restoration", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 79, "example_front": "そのプロジェクトは生息地復元に資金を出している。", "example_back": "The project funds habitat restoration." },
    { "front": "クラウドコンピューティング (kuraudo konpyuutingu)", "back": "cloud computing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 80, "example_front": "彼らはすべてをクラウドコンピューティングに移行した。", "example_back": "They migrated everything to cloud computing." },
    { "front": "矛盾 (mujun)", "back": "contradiction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 81, "example_front": "両者の発言には明らかな矛盾がある。", "example_back": "There's an obvious contradiction between both statements." },
    { "front": "多大 (data)", "back": "considerable / substantial (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 82, "example_front": "多大な経済的損失を被った。", "example_back": "They suffered considerable financial losses." },
    { "front": "博士論文 (hakase ronbun)", "back": "doctoral thesis", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 83, "example_front": "彼は六月に博士論文を発表した。", "example_back": "He defended his doctoral thesis in June." },
    { "front": "分子 (bunshi)", "back": "molecule", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 84, "example_front": "水の分子は二つの水素原子を持つ。", "example_back": "The water molecule has two hydrogen atoms." },
    { "front": "政争 (seisou)", "back": "political strife", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 85, "example_front": "党内の政争が激化している。", "example_back": "The political strife within the party is intensifying." },
    { "front": "無罪放免 (muzai houmen)", "back": "exoneration / acquittal", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 86, "example_front": "証拠が彼の無罪放免につながった。", "example_back": "The evidence led to his exoneration." },
    { "front": "構図 (kouzu)", "back": "composition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 87, "example_front": "構図は寒色と暖色のバランスをとっている。", "example_back": "The composition balances cool and warm colors." },
    { "front": "心的外傷 (shinteki gaishou)", "back": "(psychological) trauma", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 88, "example_front": "事故は彼に深い心的外傷を残した。", "example_back": "The accident left him with deep trauma." },
    { "front": "レバレッジ (rebarejji)", "back": "leverage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 89, "example_front": "彼らは財務レバレッジを使いすぎた。", "example_back": "They used too much financial leverage." },
    { "front": "拡散 (kakusan)", "back": "going viral / spreading", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 90, "example_front": "その動画の拡散で彼は有名になった。", "example_back": "The video's spread made him famous." },
    { "front": "水の足跡 (mizu no ashiato)", "back": "water footprint", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 91, "example_front": "水の足跡を減らすことは農業の課題だ。", "example_back": "Reducing the water footprint is an agricultural challenge." },
    { "front": "アルゴリズムの偏り (arugorizumu no katayori)", "back": "algorithmic bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 92, "example_front": "採用におけるアルゴリズムの偏りを研究している。", "example_back": "They study algorithmic bias in hiring." },
    { "front": "微妙さ (bimyousa)", "back": "subtlety", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 93, "example_front": "彼女はその発言の微妙さを見抜いた。", "example_back": "She caught the subtlety of the remark." },
    { "front": "解明 (kaimei)", "back": "elucidation / clarification (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 94, "example_front": "正確な原因はまだ解明されていない。", "example_back": "The exact cause has yet to be elucidated." },
    { "front": "剽窃 (hyousetsu)", "back": "plagiarism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 95, "example_front": "彼は学術的剽窃で告発された。", "example_back": "He was accused of academic plagiarism." },
    { "front": "生物 (seibutsu)", "back": "organism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 96, "example_front": "その生物は新しい環境に適応する。", "example_back": "The organism adapts to the new environment." },
    { "front": "選挙戦 (senkyosen)", "back": "electoral race", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 97, "example_front": "選挙戦は僅差で決まるだろう。", "example_back": "The election race will be decided by a narrow margin." },
    { "front": "裁定 (saitei)", "back": "ruling / expert opinion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 98, "example_front": "委員会は最終的な裁定を下した。", "example_back": "The committee issued its final ruling." },
    { "front": "明暗法 (meianhou)", "back": "chiaroscuro", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 99, "example_front": "彼は明暗法で劇的な効果を作る。", "example_back": "He uses chiaroscuro to create drama." },
    { "front": "両価性 (ryoukasei)", "back": "ambivalence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 100, "example_front": "彼女は引っ越しに両価的な感情を抱いている。", "example_back": "She feels ambivalence about moving." },
    { "front": "外注 (gaichuu)", "back": "outsourcing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 101, "example_front": "コスト削減のため外注に頼っている。", "example_back": "They rely on outsourcing to cut costs." },
    { "front": "デマ (dema)", "back": "hoax / fake news", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 102, "example_front": "そのデマはすぐに否定された。", "example_back": "The hoax was quickly debunked." },
    { "front": "生態系 (seitaikei)", "back": "ecosystem", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 103, "example_front": "海洋生態系は深刻な悪化に苦しんでいる。", "example_back": "The marine ecosystem suffers serious deterioration." },
    { "front": "インターフェース (intaafeesu)", "back": "interface", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 104, "example_front": "インターフェースは直感的で簡単だ。", "example_back": "The interface is intuitive and simple." },
    { "front": "一貫性 (ikkansei)", "back": "coherence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 105, "example_front": "その論文は内部の一貫性を欠いている。", "example_back": "The essay lacks internal coherence." },
    { "front": "付随的 (fuizuiteki)", "back": "concomitant / incidental", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 106, "example_front": "痛みはその病気の付随的な症状だ。", "example_back": "Pain is a concomitant symptom of the disease." },
    { "front": "妥当性 (datousei)", "back": "validity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 107, "example_front": "彼らはその実験の妥当性を疑問視した。", "example_back": "They questioned the validity of the experiment." },
    { "front": "連鎖反応 (rensa hannou)", "back": "chain reaction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 108, "example_front": "連鎖反応は大量のエネルギーを放出する。", "example_back": "The chain reaction releases a huge amount of energy." },
    { "front": "地政学 (chiseigaku)", "back": "geopolitics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 109, "example_front": "この地域の地政学は複雑だ。", "example_back": "The geopolitics of this region is complex." },
    { "front": "控訴 (kouso)", "back": "appeal", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 110, "example_front": "彼らは控訴を申し立てた。", "example_back": "They filed an appeal." },
    { "front": "共感覚 (kyoukankaku)", "back": "synesthesia", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 111, "example_front": "その詩は音と色の共感覚を呼び起こす。", "example_back": "The poem evokes synesthesia between sound and color." },
    { "front": "潜在意識 (senzai ishiki)", "back": "subconscious", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 112, "example_front": "夢は潜在意識を映し出す。", "example_back": "Dreams reveal the subconscious." },
    { "front": "負債 (fusai)", "back": "liabilities", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 113, "example_front": "今四半期は負債が資産を上回る。", "example_back": "Liabilities exceed assets this quarter." },
    { "front": "信憑性 (shinpyousei)", "back": "credibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 114, "example_front": "醜聞が彼の信憑性を傷つけた。", "example_back": "The scandal damaged his credibility." },
    { "front": "外来種 (gairaishu)", "back": "invasive species", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 115, "example_front": "外来種が在来の生物を脅かしている。", "example_back": "The invasive species threatens native wildlife." },
    { "front": "オープンソース (oopun soosu)", "back": "open source", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 116, "example_front": "そのプロジェクトはオープンソースに基づいている。", "example_back": "The project is based on open source." },
    { "front": "岐路 (kiro)", "back": "dilemma / crossroads", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 117, "example_front": "彼は難しい岐路に立たされている。", "example_back": "He faces a difficult dilemma." },
    { "front": "些細 (sasai)", "back": "trivial / insignificant", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 118, "example_front": "それは些細な問題ではない。", "example_back": "It's not a trivial matter." },
    { "front": "信頼性 (shinraisei)", "back": "reliability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 119, "example_front": "データの信頼性は高い。", "example_back": "The reliability of the data is high." },
    { "front": "電子 (denshi)", "back": "electron", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 120, "example_front": "電子は原子核の周りを回る。", "example_back": "The electron orbits the nucleus." },
    { "front": "現状維持 (genjou iji)", "back": "status quo", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 121, "example_front": "新政府は現状維持を望んでいない。", "example_back": "The new government doesn't want to maintain the status quo." },
    { "front": "不起訴 (fukiso)", "back": "dismissal of a case", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 122, "example_front": "検察は不起訴を決定した。", "example_back": "The prosecutor decided not to prosecute." },
    { "front": "象徴主義 (shouchoushugi)", "back": "symbolism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 123, "example_front": "宗教的な象徴主義がその絵を支配している。", "example_back": "Religious symbolism dominates the painting." },
    { "front": "共感 (kyoukan)", "back": "empathy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 124, "example_front": "彼女は患者に大きな共感を示した。", "example_back": "She showed great empathy toward her patients." },
    { "front": "流動性 (ryuudousei)", "back": "liquidity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 125, "example_front": "会社はもっと流動性を必要としている。", "example_back": "The company needs more liquidity." },
    { "front": "報道規制 (houdou kisei)", "back": "press embargo / news blackout", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 126, "example_front": "その事件には報道規制が敷かれた。", "example_back": "A news blackout was imposed on the case." },
    { "front": "炭素吸収源 (tanso kyuushuugen)", "back": "carbon sink", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 127, "example_front": "森林は炭素吸収源として機能する。", "example_back": "Forests function as a carbon sink." },
    { "front": "脆弱性 (zeijakusei)", "back": "(security) vulnerability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 128, "example_front": "深刻な脆弱性が発見された。", "example_back": "A serious vulnerability was discovered." },
    { "front": "確証バイアス (kakushou baiasu)", "back": "confirmation bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 129, "example_front": "確証バイアスが彼の判断を歪めている。", "example_back": "Confirmation bias distorts his judgment." },
    { "front": "甚だ (hanahada)", "back": "exceedingly (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 130, "example_front": "彼はその結果を甚だ心配している。", "example_back": "He is exceedingly worried about the outcome." },
    { "front": "パラダイム (paradaimu)", "back": "paradigm", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 131, "example_front": "彼は新しい科学的パラダイムを提唱した。", "example_back": "He proposed a new scientific paradigm." },
    { "front": "核分裂 (kaku bunretsu)", "back": "nuclear fission", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 132, "example_front": "核分裂は膨大なエネルギーを放出する。", "example_back": "Nuclear fission releases enormous amounts of energy." },
    { "front": "反乱 (hanran)", "back": "insurgency / rebellion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 133, "example_front": "軍は武装反乱と戦っている。", "example_back": "The army is fighting an armed insurgency." },
    { "front": "有効性 (yuukousei)", "back": "validity / being in force", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 134, "example_front": "その法律は昨年有効性を失った。", "example_back": "The law lost its validity last year." },
    { "front": "美学 (bigaku)", "back": "aesthetics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 135, "example_front": "彼女のミニマルな美学は独特だ。", "example_back": "Her minimalist aesthetic is distinctive." },
    { "front": "無気力 (mukiryoku)", "back": "lethargy / apathy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 136, "example_front": "暑さで彼は完全な無気力に陥った。", "example_back": "The heat plunged him into total lethargy." },
    { "front": "資産 (shisan)", "back": "assets", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 137, "example_front": "彼らは非中核資産をいくつか売却した。", "example_back": "They sold several non-core assets." },
    { "front": "独占取材 (dokusen shuzai)", "back": "exclusive coverage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 138, "example_front": "そのチャンネルは世界的な独占取材を行った。", "example_back": "The channel conducted a world exclusive." },
    { "front": "生物濃縮 (seibutsu noushuku)", "back": "bioaccumulation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 139, "example_front": "水銀の生物濃縮が魚に影響する。", "example_back": "Mercury bioaccumulation affects fish." },
    { "front": "ファイアウォール (faiauooru)", "back": "firewall", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 140, "example_front": "ファイアウォールが攻撃を防いだ。", "example_back": "The firewall blocked the attack." },
    { "front": "相対性 (soutaisei)", "back": "relativity (concept)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 141, "example_front": "価値観の相対性は文化によって異なる。", "example_back": "The relativity of values varies by culture." },
    { "front": "併せて (awasete)", "back": "in addition to (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 142, "example_front": "賢明であることに併せて、彼は非常に勤勉だ。", "example_back": "Besides being intelligent, he is very hardworking." },
    { "front": "独立変数 (dokuritsu hensuu)", "back": "independent variable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 143, "example_front": "温度が独立変数だった。", "example_back": "Temperature was the independent variable." },
    { "front": "微分方程式 (bibun houteishiki)", "back": "differential equation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 144, "example_front": "彼は黒板でその微分方程式を解いた。", "example_back": "He solved the differential equation on the board." },
    { "front": "修正主義 (shuuseishugi)", "back": "revisionism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 145, "example_front": "歴史家は修正主義を批判する。", "example_back": "Historians criticize revisionism." },
    { "front": "是正 (zesei)", "back": "rectification / correction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 146, "example_front": "行政の誤りの是正が求められた。", "example_back": "The rectification of the administrative error was requested." },
    { "front": "妙技 (myougi)", "back": "virtuosity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 147, "example_front": "ピアニストは驚くべき妙技を見せた。", "example_back": "The pianist showed astonishing virtuosity." },
    { "front": "憂愁 (yuushuu)", "back": "melancholy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 148, "example_front": "その詩には静かな憂愁が漂う。", "example_back": "A quiet melancholy pervades the poem." },
    { "front": "変動性 (hendousei)", "back": "volatility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 149, "example_front": "市場の変動性が投資家を不安にさせる。", "example_back": "Market volatility worries investors." },
    { "front": "特派員 (tokuhain)", "back": "correspondent", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 150, "example_front": "特派員は前線から報告した。", "example_back": "The correspondent reported from the front." },
    { "front": "土壌浸食 (dojou shinshoku)", "back": "soil erosion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 151, "example_front": "土壌浸食が収穫を減らす。", "example_back": "Soil erosion reduces the harvest." },
    { "front": "なりすまし (narisumashi)", "back": "identity theft / impersonation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 152, "example_front": "彼はなりすましの被害に遭った。", "example_back": "He was a victim of identity theft." },
    { "front": "主観性 (shukansei)", "back": "subjectivity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 153, "example_front": "美術批評には主観性の要素がある。", "example_back": "Art criticism has a component of subjectivity." },
    { "front": "晩年 (bannen)", "back": "one's later years (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 154, "example_front": "彼は晩年にその小説を書いた。", "example_back": "He wrote the novel in his later years." },
    { "front": "推測 (suisoku)", "back": "conjecture", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 155, "example_front": "それは証拠のない単なる推測にすぎない。", "example_back": "It's just a conjecture without proof." },
    { "front": "ベクトル (bekutoru)", "back": "vector", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 156, "example_front": "ベクトルは方向と大きさを示す。", "example_back": "The vector indicates direction and magnitude." },
    { "front": "不信任決議 (fushinnin ketsugi)", "back": "vote of no confidence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 157, "example_front": "野党が不信任決議を提出した。", "example_back": "The opposition submitted a vote of no confidence." },
    { "front": "違反 (ihan)", "back": "breach / non-compliance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 158, "example_front": "彼らは契約違反を告発した。", "example_back": "They reported the breach of contract." },
    { "front": "楽譜 (gakufu)", "back": "musical score", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 159, "example_front": "作曲家は完全な楽譜を提出した。", "example_back": "The composer submitted the complete score." },
    { "front": "苦悩 (kunou)", "back": "anguish / distress", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 160, "example_front": "苦悩のあまり眠れなかった。", "example_back": "The anguish kept her from sleeping." },
    { "front": "課税 (kazei)", "back": "taxation / levy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 161, "example_front": "その不動産には未払いの課税がある。", "example_back": "The property has an outstanding levy." },
    { "front": "一面 (ichimen)", "back": "front page", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 162, "example_front": "それはすべての新聞の一面を飾った。", "example_back": "It made the front page of every newspaper." },
    { "front": "サンゴの白化 (sango no hakka)", "back": "coral bleaching", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 163, "example_front": "サンゴの白化は暑さで加速する。", "example_back": "Coral bleaching accelerates with the heat." },
    { "front": "デジタル追跡性 (dejitaru tsuisekisei)", "back": "digital traceability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 164, "example_front": "デジタル追跡性は不正の発見に役立つ。", "example_back": "Digital traceability helps detect fraud." },
    { "front": "客観性 (kyakkansei)", "back": "objectivity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 165, "example_front": "裁判官は完全な客観性を持って行動すべきだ。", "example_back": "The judge must act with complete objectivity." },
    { "front": "含蓄 (ganchiku)", "back": "depth of meaning / implication", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 166, "example_front": "それは含蓄のある演説だった。", "example_back": "It was a speech with real depth." },
    { "front": "学位論文 (gakui ronbun)", "back": "dissertation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 167, "example_front": "彼は審査員の前で学位論文を発表した。", "example_back": "He presented his dissertation before the committee." },
    { "front": "異常値 (ijouchi)", "back": "anomaly", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 168, "example_front": "データは予想外の異常値を示した。", "example_back": "The data showed an unexpected anomaly." },
    { "front": "縁故主義 (enkoshugi)", "back": "nepotism / political patronage", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 169, "example_front": "縁故主義が制度を弱体化させる。", "example_back": "Nepotism weakens institutions." },
    { "front": "民事責任 (minji sekinin)", "back": "civil liability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 170, "example_front": "保険は民事責任をカバーする。", "example_back": "The insurance covers civil liability." },
    { "front": "脚本 (kyakuhon)", "back": "screenplay / script", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 171, "example_front": "彼は三か月で脚本を書いた。", "example_back": "He wrote the screenplay in three months." },
    { "front": "倦怠感 (kentaikan)", "back": "weariness / ennui", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 172, "example_front": "彼は日々の決まりきった生活に倦怠感を覚えた。", "example_back": "He felt weary of the daily routine." },
    { "front": "償却 (shoukyaku)", "back": "amortization", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 173, "example_front": "ローンの償却は二十年続く。", "example_back": "The loan's amortization lasts twenty years." },
    { "front": "社説 (shasetsu)", "back": "editorial", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 174, "example_front": "社説は新しい法律を批判している。", "example_back": "The editorial criticizes the new law." },
    { "front": "流出水 (ryuushutsusui)", "back": "runoff", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 175, "example_front": "農業の流出水が湖を汚染する。", "example_back": "Agricultural runoff pollutes the lake." },
    { "front": "推薦アルゴリズム (suisen arugorizumu)", "back": "recommendation algorithm", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 176, "example_front": "推薦アルゴリズムが類似商品を提案する。", "example_back": "The recommendation algorithm suggests similar products." },
    { "front": "決定論 (ketteiron)", "back": "determinism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 177, "example_front": "決定論は自由意志を否定する。", "example_back": "Determinism denies free will." },
    { "front": "当時 (touji)", "back": "at that time (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 178, "example_front": "当時、彼はセビリアに住んでいた。", "example_back": "At that time, he lived in Seville." },
    { "front": "引用指数 (in'you shisuu)", "back": "citation index", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 179, "example_front": "彼の引用指数は非常に高い。", "example_back": "His citation index is very high." },
    { "front": "対照実験 (taishou jikken)", "back": "controlled experiment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 180, "example_front": "彼らは厳密な対照実験を設計した。", "example_back": "They designed a rigorous controlled experiment." },
    { "front": "覇権 (haken)", "back": "hegemony", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 181, "example_front": "その国は地域の覇権を維持しようとしている。", "example_back": "The country seeks to maintain regional hegemony." },
    { "front": "定住性 (teijuusei)", "back": "(legal/social) ties / roots", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 182, "example_front": "彼は在留に十分な定住性を示した。", "example_back": "He demonstrated sufficient residency ties." },
    { "front": "振付 (furitsuke)", "back": "choreography", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 183, "example_front": "振付はバレエと現代舞踊を組み合わせている。", "example_back": "The choreography combines ballet and contemporary dance." },
    { "front": "焦燥 (shousou)", "back": "anxious impatience", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 184, "example_front": "将来への焦燥を抱えて暮らしていた。", "example_back": "They lived with anxious impatience about the future." },
    { "front": "信託 (shintaku)", "back": "trust (financial/legal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 185, "example_front": "彼は資産を信託に入れた。", "example_back": "He put his assets in a trust." },
    { "front": "聴取率 (choushuritsu)", "back": "audience rating", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 186, "example_front": "聴取率は二十パーセント上昇した。", "example_back": "The audience rating rose twenty percent." },
    { "front": "オゾン層 (ozon-sou)", "back": "ozone layer", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 187, "example_front": "オゾン層はゆっくりと回復している。", "example_back": "The ozone layer is slowly recovering." },
    { "front": "計画的陳腐化 (keikakuteki chinpuka)", "back": "planned obsolescence", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 188, "example_front": "携帯電話の計画的陳腐化が批判されている。", "example_back": "The planned obsolescence of phones is criticized." },
    { "front": "相対主義 (soutaishugi)", "back": "relativism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 189, "example_front": "道徳的相対主義は多くの議論を呼ぶ。", "example_back": "Moral relativism generates much debate." },
    { "front": "紛れもない (magire mo nai)", "back": "irrefutable / undeniable (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 190, "example_front": "彼らは紛れもない証拠を提出した。", "example_back": "They provided undeniable evidence." },
    { "front": "解釈学 (kaishakugaku)", "back": "exegesis / hermeneutics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 191, "example_front": "その文書の解釈学は何世紀にも及ぶ。", "example_back": "The exegesis of the text spans centuries." },
    { "front": "従属変数 (juuzoku hensuu)", "back": "dependent variable", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 192, "example_front": "成績が従属変数だった。", "example_back": "Performance was the dependent variable." },
    { "front": "二大政党制 (nidai seitousei)", "back": "two-party system", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 193, "example_front": "二大政党制がこの国の政治を支配している。", "example_back": "The two-party system dominates this country's politics." },
    { "front": "時効取得 (jikou shutoku)", "back": "adverse possession", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 194, "example_front": "彼は時効取得によりその土地を主張した。", "example_back": "He claimed the land through adverse possession." },
    { "front": "編集 (henshuu)", "back": "editing / assembly (film)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 195, "example_front": "編集がシーンのテンポを速める。", "example_back": "The editing speeds up the scene's pace." },
    { "front": "猜疑心 (saigishin)", "back": "suspicion / wariness", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 196, "example_front": "彼は見知らぬ人に猜疑心を抱く。", "example_back": "He views strangers with suspicion." },
    { "front": "合併 (gappei)", "back": "corporate merger", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 197, "example_front": "その合併は業界の巨大企業を生んだ。", "example_back": "The merger created a giant in the industry." },
    { "front": "二極化 (nikyokuka)", "back": "polarization", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 198, "example_front": "政治的二極化が国を分断している。", "example_back": "Political polarization divides the country." },
    { "front": "スモッグ (sumoggu)", "back": "smog", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 199, "example_front": "冬になると街はスモッグに覆われる。", "example_back": "Smog covers the city every winter." },
    { "front": "拡張現実 (kakuchou genjitsu)", "back": "augmented reality", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 200, "example_front": "そのアプリは家具を試すのに拡張現実を使う。", "example_back": "The app uses augmented reality to try out furniture." },
    { "front": "抽象化 (chuushouka)", "back": "abstraction", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 201, "example_front": "その絵はほぼ純粋な抽象化に近い。", "example_back": "The painting borders on pure abstraction." },
    { "front": "広義には (kougi ni wa)", "back": "in a broad sense (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 202, "example_front": "広義には、皆に責任がある。", "example_back": "Broadly speaking, everyone is responsible." },
    { "front": "概要書 (gaiyousho)", "back": "compendium / summary volume", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 203, "example_front": "彼は自分の論考の概要書を出版した。", "example_back": "He published a compendium of his essays." },
    { "front": "外挿 (gaisou)", "back": "extrapolation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 204, "example_front": "データの外挿は危険を伴う。", "example_back": "The extrapolation of the data is risky." },
    { "front": "異論 (iron)", "back": "dissent / dissenting opinion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 205, "example_front": "政権はあらゆる異論を弾圧する。", "example_back": "The regime suppresses all dissent." },
    { "front": "差し押さえ (sashiosae)", "back": "seizure (of assets)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 206, "example_front": "銀行は口座の差し押さえを命じた。", "example_back": "The bank ordered the seizure of the account." },
    { "front": "舞台美術 (butai bijutsu)", "back": "stage design / set design", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 207, "example_front": "舞台美術は中世の街を再現している。", "example_back": "The stage design recreates a medieval city." },
    { "front": "無力感 (muryokukan)", "back": "sense of helplessness", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 208, "example_front": "不正を前に無力感を覚えた。", "example_back": "He felt helplessness in the face of injustice." },
    { "front": "支出 (shishutsu)", "back": "disbursement / outlay", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 209, "example_front": "プロジェクトには多額の初期支出が必要だ。", "example_back": "The project requires a large initial outlay." },
    { "front": "釣り記事 (tsuri kiji)", "back": "clickbait article", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 210, "example_front": "あの見出しは完全な釣り記事だ。", "example_back": "That headline is pure clickbait." },
    { "front": "乱獲 (rankaku)", "back": "overexploitation / overfishing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 211, "example_front": "乱獲が海を空にする。", "example_back": "Overfishing empties the seas." },
    { "front": "接続性 (setsuzokusei)", "back": "connectivity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 212, "example_front": "彼らは遠隔地の接続性を改善した。", "example_back": "They improved connectivity in remote areas." },
    { "front": "事例主義 (jireishugi)", "back": "casuistry / case-by-case reasoning", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 213, "example_front": "法的な事例主義が判決を複雑にする。", "example_back": "Legal casuistry complicates the verdict." },
    { "front": "それ自体 (sore jitai)", "back": "in itself (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 214, "example_front": "価格それ自体は問題ではない。", "example_back": "The price, in itself, is not the problem." },
    { "front": "博識 (hakushiki)", "back": "erudition / scholarship", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 215, "example_front": "彼の博識は審査員団に感銘を与えた。", "example_back": "His erudition impressed the committee." },
    { "front": "創発特性 (souhatsu tokusei)", "back": "emergent property", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 216, "example_front": "意識は創発特性かもしれない。", "example_back": "Consciousness might be an emergent property." },
    { "front": "クーデター (kuudetaa)", "back": "coup d'état", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 217, "example_front": "クーデターは数時間で失敗した。", "example_back": "The coup failed within hours." },
    { "front": "延長 (enchou)", "back": "extension / deferral", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 218, "example_front": "彼は期限の延長を申請した。", "example_back": "He requested an extension of the deadline." },
    { "front": "レパートリー (repaatorii)", "back": "repertoire", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 219, "example_front": "オーケストラは古典のレパートリーを広げた。", "example_back": "The orchestra expanded its classical repertoire." },
    { "front": "解放感 (kaihoukan)", "back": "sense of relief", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 220, "example_front": "彼女と話すことは解放感をもたらした。", "example_back": "Talking to her brought a sense of relief." },
    { "front": "資産構成 (shisan kousei)", "back": "(investment) portfolio composition", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 221, "example_front": "彼は投資の資産構成を多様化した。", "example_back": "He diversified his investment portfolio composition." },
    { "front": "匿名情報源 (tokumei jouhougen)", "back": "anonymous source", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 222, "example_front": "記事は匿名情報源を引用している。", "example_back": "The article cites an anonymous source." },
    { "front": "農薬 (nouyaku)", "back": "pesticide", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 223, "example_front": "農薬はミツバチに影響を与える。", "example_back": "The pesticide affects bees." },
    { "front": "サーバー (saabaa)", "back": "server", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 224, "example_front": "サーバーが一時間ダウンした。", "example_back": "The server went down for an hour." },
    { "front": "修辞 (shuuji)", "back": "rhetoric", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 225, "example_front": "データが伴わなくても彼の修辞は説得力がある。", "example_back": "His rhetoric convinces even when the data falls short." },
    { "front": "もっともらしい (mottomorashii)", "back": "plausible-sounding (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 226, "example_front": "彼の話はもっともらしく聞こえる。", "example_back": "His account sounds plausible." },
    { "front": "科学的厳密性 (kagakuteki genmitsusei)", "back": "scientific rigor", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 227, "example_front": "その研究は科学的厳密性を欠いている。", "example_back": "The study lacks scientific rigor." },
    { "front": "普遍定数 (fuhen teisuu)", "back": "universal constant", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 228, "example_front": "光の速度は普遍定数だ。", "example_back": "The speed of light is a universal constant." },
    { "front": "検閲 (ken'etsu)", "back": "censorship", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 229, "example_front": "報道機関は検閲を非難している。", "example_back": "The press denounces censorship." },
    { "front": "証言 (shougen)", "back": "testimony", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 230, "example_front": "彼の証言は裁判の鍵となった。", "example_back": "His testimony was key in the trial." },
    { "front": "文芸批評 (bungei hihyou)", "back": "literary criticism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 231, "example_front": "彼女は大学で文芸批評を学んでいる。", "example_back": "She studies literary criticism at university." },
    { "front": "内向性 (naikousei)", "back": "introversion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 232, "example_front": "彼女の内向性はリーダーシップの妨げにならない。", "example_back": "Her introversion doesn't stop her from leading." },
    { "front": "剰余金 (jouyokin)", "back": "surplus funds", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 233, "example_front": "彼らは生産の剰余金を売却した。", "example_back": "They sold the production surplus." },
    { "front": "否定声明 (hitei seimei)", "back": "denial / retraction statement", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 234, "example_front": "会社は公式な否定声明を出した。", "example_back": "The company issued an official denial." },
    { "front": "保全 (hozen)", "back": "conservation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 235, "example_front": "その公園は種の保全に尽力している。", "example_back": "The park is dedicated to species conservation." },
    { "front": "拡張性 (kakuchousei)", "back": "scalability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 236, "example_front": "システムは拡張性を考慮して設計された。", "example_back": "The system was designed with scalability in mind." },
    { "front": "三段論法 (sandan ronpou)", "back": "syllogism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 237, "example_front": "その三段論法は二つの妥当な前提から出発する。", "example_back": "The syllogism starts from two valid premises." },
    { "front": "言葉に尽くせない (kotoba ni tsukusenai)", "back": "ineffable / beyond words", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 238, "example_front": "彼女は言葉に尽くせない喜びを感じた。", "example_back": "She felt a joy beyond words." },
    { "front": "先行研究 (senkou kenkyuu)", "back": "literature review / prior research", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 239, "example_front": "その章は先行研究を概観している。", "example_back": "The chapter reviews the prior research." },
    { "front": "同位体 (dou'itai)", "back": "isotope", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 240, "example_front": "彼らは診断に放射性同位体を使う。", "example_back": "They use a radioactive isotope for diagnosis." },
    { "front": "ポピュリズム (popyurizumu)", "back": "populism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 241, "example_front": "専門家はポピュリズムの台頭に警鐘を鳴らす。", "example_back": "Experts warn about the rise of populism." },
    { "front": "無効 (mukou)", "back": "nullity / invalidity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 242, "example_front": "彼らは契約の無効を求めた。", "example_back": "They requested the nullity of the contract." },
    { "front": "抒情性 (jojousei)", "back": "lyricism", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 243, "example_front": "彼女の詩は強い抒情性で際立つ。", "example_back": "Her poetry stands out for its strong lyricism." },
    { "front": "激情 (gekijou)", "back": "passionate outburst", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 244, "example_front": "彼は激情に駆られた。", "example_back": "He was driven by a fit of passion." },
    { "front": "譲渡益 (jouto eki)", "back": "capital gain", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 245, "example_front": "彼は譲渡益に税金を払った。", "example_back": "He paid taxes on the capital gain." },
    { "front": "社会的反響 (shakaiteki hankyou)", "back": "media impact / significance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 246, "example_front": "その事件は大きな社会的反響を呼んだ。", "example_back": "The case had enormous social/media impact." },
    { "front": "環境影響 (kankyou eikyou)", "back": "environmental impact", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 247, "example_front": "彼らはダムの環境影響を評価した。", "example_back": "They assessed the dam's environmental impact." },
    { "front": "プロトコル (purotokoru)", "back": "protocol", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 248, "example_front": "新しいプロトコルがセキュリティを向上させる。", "example_back": "The new protocol improves security." },
    { "front": "無形性 (mukeisei)", "back": "intangibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 249, "example_front": "ブランドの無形性がその評価を難しくする。", "example_back": "The intangibility of the brand makes it hard to value." },
    { "front": "言うまでもない (iu made mo nai)", "back": "it goes without saying (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 250, "example_front": "リスクが高いことは言うまでもない。", "example_back": "It goes without saying that the risk is high." },
    { "front": "反証可能性 (hanshou kanousei)", "back": "falsifiability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 251, "example_front": "反証可能性は科学的方法の鍵だ。", "example_back": "Falsifiability is key to the scientific method." },
    { "front": "核融合 (kaku yuugou)", "back": "nuclear fusion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 252, "example_front": "核融合は太陽にエネルギーを供給する。", "example_back": "Nuclear fusion powers the sun." },
    { "front": "支配層 (shihaisou)", "back": "ruling class / establishment", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 253, "example_front": "軍の支配層が大きな影響力を持つ。", "example_back": "The military establishment holds great influence." },
    { "front": "補償金 (hoshoukin)", "back": "compensation money / damages", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 254, "example_front": "会社は多額の補償金を支払う。", "example_back": "The company will pay huge compensation." },
    { "front": "風刺 (fuushi)", "back": "satire", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 255, "example_front": "その小説はブルジョワ階級への風刺だ。", "example_back": "The novel is a satire of the bourgeoisie." },
    { "front": "意志薄弱 (ishi hakujaku)", "back": "weak-willed (lack of motivation)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 256, "example_front": "意志薄弱で決断ができなかった。", "example_back": "Being weak-willed, he couldn't make decisions." },
    { "front": "同業組合 (dougyou kumiai)", "back": "trade guild / association", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 257, "example_front": "商人の同業組合が抗議した。", "example_back": "The merchants' guild protested." },
    { "front": "報道の厳密さ (houdou no genmitsusa)", "back": "journalistic rigor", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 258, "example_front": "その記事は報道の厳密さで際立つ。", "example_back": "The report stands out for its journalistic rigor." },
    { "front": "追跡可能性 (tsuiseki kanousei)", "back": "traceability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 259, "example_front": "製品の追跡可能性がその産地を保証する。", "example_back": "The product's traceability guarantees its origin." },
    { "front": "相互運用性 (sougo un'yousei)", "back": "interoperability", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 260, "example_front": "システム間の相互運用性は依然として課題だ。", "example_back": "Interoperability between systems remains a challenge." },
    { "front": "認知的不協和 (ninchiteki fukyouwa)", "back": "cognitive dissonance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 261, "example_front": "彼は自分の行動と価値観の間に認知的不協和を感じた。", "example_back": "He felt cognitive dissonance between his actions and his values." },
    { "front": "いわんや (iwan'ya)", "back": "let alone / much less (literary)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 262, "example_front": "大人でさえ難しい、いわんや子供をや。", "example_back": "It's hard even for adults, let alone children." },
    { "front": "分類学 (bunruigaku)", "back": "taxonomy", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 263, "example_front": "彼らは新しい種の分類学を提案した。", "example_back": "They proposed a new taxonomy of species." },
    { "front": "幹細胞 (kansaibou)", "back": "stem cell", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 264, "example_front": "彼らは幹細胞治療を研究している。", "example_back": "They research stem cell therapies." },
    { "front": "派閥政治 (habatsu seiji)", "back": "factional politics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 265, "example_front": "派閥政治が議会を支配している。", "example_back": "Factional politics dominates parliament." },
    { "front": "不法侵入 (fuhou shinnyuu)", "back": "breaking and entering", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 266, "example_front": "彼は不法侵入で逮捕された。", "example_back": "He was arrested for breaking and entering." },
    { "front": "模倣作品 (mohou sakuhin)", "back": "pastiche", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 267, "example_front": "その映画は複数のジャンルの模倣作品だ。", "example_back": "The film is a pastiche of several genres." },
    { "front": "軽蔑 (keibetsu)", "back": "disdain", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 268, "example_front": "彼はその提案を軽蔑をもって扱った。", "example_back": "He treated the proposal with disdain." },
    { "front": "経営者団体 (keieisha dantai)", "back": "employers' association", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 269, "example_front": "経営者団体は組合の提案を拒否した。", "example_back": "The employers' association rejected the union's proposal." },
    { "front": "世論操作 (yoron sousa)", "back": "manipulation of public opinion", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 270, "example_front": "彼らはその件の世論操作を非難した。", "example_back": "They denounced the manipulation of public opinion on the matter." },
    { "front": "有害廃棄物 (yuugai haikibutsu)", "back": "toxic waste", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 271, "example_front": "その工場は違法に有害廃棄物を捨てていた。", "example_back": "The factory was illegally dumping toxic waste." },
    { "front": "重要インフラ (juuyou infura)", "back": "critical infrastructure", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 272, "example_front": "彼らは国の重要インフラを保護している。", "example_back": "They protect the country's critical infrastructure." },
    { "front": "公理 (kouri)", "back": "axiom", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 273, "example_front": "それは誰も疑わない公理から出発している。", "example_back": "It starts from an axiom nobody questions." },
    { "front": "本来 (honrai)", "back": "originally / inherently (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 274, "example_front": "その過程は本来複雑なものだ。", "example_back": "The process is inherently complicated." },
    { "front": "選択バイアス (sentaku baiasu)", "back": "selection bias", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 275, "example_front": "選択バイアスが結果に影響した。", "example_back": "Selection bias affected the results." },
    { "front": "ゲノム (genomu)", "back": "genome", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 276, "example_front": "彼らは完全なゲノムを解読した。", "example_back": "They sequenced the complete genome." },
    { "front": "政治的利益 (seijiteki rieki)", "back": "political gain / payoff", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 277, "example_front": "その合意は大きな政治的利益をもたらした。", "example_back": "The agreement brought great political gain." },
    { "front": "計画性 (keikakusei)", "back": "premeditation (legal aggravating factor)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 278, "example_front": "検察は犯行の計画性を主張した。", "example_back": "The prosecutor alleged premeditation in the crime." },
    { "front": "図像学 (zuzougaku)", "back": "iconography", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 279, "example_front": "キリスト教の図像学が彼の作品に影響している。", "example_back": "Christian iconography influences his work." },
    { "front": "郷愁 (kyoushuu)", "back": "nostalgia / longing", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 280, "example_front": "彼は故郷への郷愁を感じていた。", "example_back": "He felt longing for his homeland." },
    { "front": "関税 (kanzei)", "back": "tariff", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 281, "example_front": "新しい関税が輸入品を値上げする。", "example_back": "The new tariff makes imports more expensive." },
    { "front": "報道倫理 (houdou rinri)", "back": "journalistic ethics", "level": "C1", "tags": ["media"], "word_frequency": 282, "example_front": "報道倫理の規範は情報源の確認を求める。", "example_back": "The code of journalistic ethics requires verifying sources." },
    { "front": "環境負荷 (kankyou fuka)", "back": "environmental footprint / load", "level": "C1", "tags": ["environment"], "word_frequency": 283, "example_front": "環境負荷を減らすことが優先事項だ。", "example_back": "Reducing the environmental load is a priority." },
    { "front": "半導体 (handoutai)", "back": "semiconductor", "level": "C1", "tags": ["technology"], "word_frequency": 284, "example_front": "半導体不足が生産に影響した。", "example_back": "The semiconductor shortage affected production." },
    { "front": "真実味 (shinjitsumi)", "back": "verisimilitude / plausibility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 285, "example_front": "その小説は終盤に真実味を失う。", "example_back": "The novel loses plausibility toward the end." },
    { "front": "しかしながら (shikashinagara)", "back": "however (formal)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["register"], "word_frequency": 286, "example_front": "計画は野心的だった。しかしながら、失敗した。", "example_back": "The plan was ambitious. However, it failed." },
    { "front": "科学的厳密さ (kagakuteki genmitsusa)", "back": "scientific precision", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 287, "example_front": "その分析は科学的厳密さで評価されている。", "example_back": "The analysis is praised for its scientific precision." },
    { "front": "放射線 (houshasen)", "back": "radiation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["science"], "word_frequency": 288, "example_front": "太陽の放射線は皮膚に影響する。", "example_back": "Solar radiation affects the skin." },
    { "front": "議席 (giseki)", "back": "parliamentary seat", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 289, "example_front": "その政党は議席を三つ増やした。", "example_back": "The party won three more seats." },
    { "front": "損害賠償 (songai baishou)", "back": "compensation for damages", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 290, "example_front": "会社は多額の損害賠償を支払う。", "example_back": "The company will pay huge damages." },
    { "front": "背景設定 (haikei settei)", "back": "backdrop / underlying setting", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 291, "example_front": "歴史的な背景設定が物語を豊かにする。", "example_back": "The historical setting enriches the story." },
    { "front": "静穏 (seion)", "back": "calm / tranquility", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 292, "example_front": "庭が彼に静穏を取り戻させた。", "example_back": "The garden restored his calm." },
    { "front": "投機 (touki)", "back": "speculation", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 293, "example_front": "投機が住宅価格を押し上げた。", "example_back": "Speculation drove up housing prices." },
    { "front": "意義 (igi)", "back": "significance", "level": "C1", "tags": ["abstract"], "word_frequency": 294, "example_front": "その発見には大きな意義がある。", "example_back": "The discovery has great significance." },
    { "front": "棄権 (kiken)", "back": "abstention", "level": "C1", "tags": ["politics"], "word_frequency": 295, "example_front": "棄権率が過去最高を記録した。", "example_back": "The abstention rate hit a historic high." },
    { "front": "法的妥当性 (houteki datousei)", "back": "legal validity", "level": "C1", "tags": ["law"], "word_frequency": 296, "example_front": "彼らはその合意の法的妥当性を疑問視している。", "example_back": "They're questioning the legal validity of the agreement." },
    { "front": "後援者 (kouensha)", "back": "patron (of the arts)", "level": "C1", "tags": ["arts"], "word_frequency": 297, "example_front": "後援者が展覧会全体に資金を出した。", "example_back": "The patron funded the entire exhibition." },
    { "front": "母性愛の献身 (bosei ai no kenshin)", "back": "maternal self-sacrifice", "level": "C1", "tags": ["psychology"], "word_frequency": 298, "example_front": "彼女の母性愛の献身には限りがなかった。", "example_back": "Her maternal self-sacrifice knew no bounds." },
    { "front": "営業利益率 (eigyou rieki ritsu)", "back": "operating margin", "level": "C1", "tags": ["business"], "word_frequency": 299, "example_front": "営業利益率は今四半期改善した。", "example_back": "The operating margin improved this quarter." },
    { "front": "分析的厳密性 (bunsekiteki genmitsusei)", "back": "analytical rigor", "level": "C1", "tags": ["academic"], "word_frequency": 300, "example_front": "その報告書は分析的厳密性で際立つ。", "example_back": "The report stands out for its analytical rigor." }
  ]
}